9 10 135 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/f84bc9562b8e96626653ff8020fe0225.tif 0c1c119bbc587824b1ce3f1e459f1c98 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 31 Description An account of the resource Since we found no firewood, we decided to enter the river which was behind the point one league away. We could not go in because the very strong current totally prevented us and carried us away from the shore despite our effort and determination. The north wind blowing from the land increased so much that it carried us out to sea and we could do nothing. Half a league out we took a sounding and found that we could not reach bottom with more than thirty fathoms. We did not know if the current was the reason we could not take a sounding. We sailed under those conditions for two days, struggling all the time to reach land. At the end of the two days, a little before sunrise, we saw many clouds of smoke along the coast. Struggling to reach them, we found ourselves in three fathoms of water. Since it was night, we did not dare to land. Having seen so many clouds of smoke, we believed that we could be placing ourselves in some sort of danger again, and that we would not be able to determine what to do because of the great darkness. Therefore we decided to wait until morning. At dawn each boat had lost sight of the others. I was in water thirty fathoms deep and, continuing on my way, I saw two boats at the hour of vespers. When I approached them, I saw that the first was the Governor's. He asked me what I thought we ought to do. I told him that he should join the boat ahead of us and that in no way should he lose sight of it and that together all three of our boats should proceed to wherever God should wish to take us. He responded that he could not do that because the boat was too far out to sea and he wanted to reach land. He said that if I wanted to follow suit, I should have the men in my boat row hard, since it was by the strength of arms that we could reach land. He was advised to do this by a captain named Pantoja, who was in his boat and who told him that, if he did not reach land that day, he would not reach it in six days. By that time we would die of starvation. When I saw his intentions, I took my oar and rowed IIIF Item Metadata UUID 80fd1f27-85b2-40b1-885a-f9f1c629e816 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/85bc9050ac56f412c03cb0011050b6cc.tif 2d1ffe2144251e4c8c8b106490a87c23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 30 Description An account of the resource When morning came, many Indians in canoes came to us asking us to give them the two men they had left as hostages. The Governor said he would hand them over when they brought back the two Christians they had taken. Five or six chiefs came with these people and they seemed to us to be the handsomest people, and with the most authority and composure we had yet seen, although they were not as tall as the others we had described. They wore their hair loose and long and wore sable mantles like those we had already obtained. Some of them were made in a very strange fashion with laces made from tawny skins and they appeared very attractive. They entreated us to go with them, saying that they would hand over the Christians and give us water and many other things. All the while many canoes were approaching us, trying to secure the mouth of the inlet. Because of this and because the country was too dangerous for us to remain, we put out to sea, where we remained with them until midday. As they would not return our Christians, and for this reason neither would we hand over the Indians, they began to throw sticks and sling rocks at us. They gave signs of wanting to shoot arrows at us, but we saw only three or four bows among all of them. While we were engaged in this skirmish, a chilly wind came up and they turned away and left us. We sailed that day until the hour of vespers, when my boat, which was in the lead, saw a point of land on the other side of which could be seen a very large river. I put up at an islet at the tip of the land to wait for the other boats. The Governor did not want to approach it, and instead entered a bay very close-by in which there were many islets. We gathered there and in the sea took on fresh water, because the river emptied out into the sea in a torrent. We landed on that island because we wanted to toast some of the corn we were carrying, since we had been eating it raw for two days. IIIF Item Metadata UUID 115fa547-cec2-435b-be90-d4a7741b2240 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/4d32e74393569d84f7ce56b6a95c0fc8.tif fd6d4ebd9c712c0d53b90b7462908ab5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 29 Description An account of the resource could have inflicted much damage had they had a greater supply. During the last attack Captains Dorantes, Peñalosa and Téllez prepared an ambush with fifteen men, attacking them from the rear and forcing them to flee and leave us. The following morning I destroyed more than thirty of their canoes. These we used for protection against the north wind that lasted one entire day, causing us to endure much cold and not daring to put out to sea on account of the heavy storm. When the storm was over, we set out once again and sailed for three days. Since we had brought little water and had very few vessels for carrying it, we once again needed it. Continuing on our way, we entered an estuary. Once in it, we saw an Indian canoe coming. When we called them, they came to us, and the Governor, whose boat they reached, asked them for water. They offered to give us some if we gave them something in which to carry it. And a Greek Christian named Dorotheo Theodoro, previously mentioned, said that he wanted to go with them. The Governor and others tried hard to stop him, but could not, since he insisted on going with them. He went and took with him a black man, and the Indians left hostages from their company. At night the Indians returned and brought us our vessels without water; neither did they bring the Christians they had taken with them. When they spoke to the hostages they had left, the hostages attempted to jump into the water, but our men in whose boat they were prevented them. So the Indians fled in their canoe and left us very sad and confounded at the loss of those two Christians. CHAPTER TEN Of Our Skirmish with the Indians IIIF Item Metadata UUID a5d1c6ab-e295-4432-8464-5425a7949e36 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/7deba01bb865ccade1444051bdb0f67d.tif d68ccb5755bcbaa5d93bd69f342062c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 28 Description An account of the resource that at sunset we rounded a point of land where we found fair weather and shelter. Many canoes came towards us with Indians who spoke to us, but turned back not wanting to wait for us. They were large, handsome people and they had no bows or arrows with them. We followed them to their dwellings, which were nearby at the water's edge, and landed. In front of the lodges we found many jugs of water and a large quantity of cooked fish. The Chief of those lands offered all those things to the Governor, and took him to his lodge. Their dwellings were made of mats and appeared to be permanent. After we entered the Chief's lodge, he gave us much fish and we gave him some of the corn we had brought. They ate it in our presence, asked for more, and we gave it to them. The Governor gave him many trinkets, but while he was in the Chief's lodge half an hour into the night, the Indians suddenly attacked us and the very sick men who were lying on the beach. And they also attacked the Chief's lodge where the Governor was and injured his face with a rock. Our men who were there seized the Chief, but since he was so near his own men, he got away from them, leaving in their hands a sable mantle, which I think are the best in the world, with a scent quite like amber and musk which can be detected from a great distance. We saw others there, but none was like this one. When we saw that the Governor was wounded, those of us who were there put him on a boat and had most of our men take shelter on theirs, while fifty of us remained on land to fight the Indians. They attacked us three times that night, and with such force that each time they compelled us to withdraw more than the distance of a stone's throw. Every one of us was wounded, and I was wounded in the face. They had few arrows but IIIF Item Metadata UUID 86be969e-a7ca-4f35-ba5e-27155a0250f1 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/424968cd99f6da7884b12edeecfaa276.tif 809f7ff071c92e5b33e539c11c6e4ddf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 27 Description An account of the resource sailing along the coast in the direction of the River of Palms, with greater hunger and thirst each day because we had few provisions and these were running out. We ran out of water because the skins we made from the horses' legs rotted and became useless. Sometimes we entered inlets and bays that extended far inland, all of them shallow and dangerous. We went on this way for thirty days and sometimes encountered Indians who fished, a poor and wretched people. At the end of thirty days, we needed water very badly. We heard a canoe approaching while we were sailing along the coast. Once we saw it, we waited for it to reach us, but it refused to face us. Although we called out to it, it did not return or wait for us. Since it was night we did not follow it but went on our way. At dawn we saw a small island where we went to see if we could find water, but our effort was in vain since there was none there. While we were anchored there, a very great storm came up, and we waited six days before we dared go out into the open sea. Since we had not drunk water for five days, our thirst obliged us to drink salt water. And some drank so much that soon afterwards five of our men died. I tell of this briefly because I do not think it necessary to give all the details of the misery and suffering we bore. Considering where we were and the scarce hope for relief, one can readily imagine what we were enduring. Although the storm had not ended, when we saw that our thirst 'increased and the water was killing us, we decided to commend ourselves to God our Lord and take our chances with the dangers at sea rather than remain and be certain to die of thirst. So we left that night heading in the direction where we had seen the canoe the night we had arrived. Many times that day we thought we were so lost and would certainly sink and drown that there was no one who did not believe that death was close at hand. It pleased our Lord, who shows his favor in the greatest adversity, IIIF Item Metadata UUID 99f617ca-c512-4cb2-b65d-b4075262f3fe https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/ffe8b7ea92fdfa34cd33fa3b18d8dd6e.tif 31650f4ad1e55f59b2dec14aaff347a3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 26 Description An account of the resource in another that he gave to the Purser and the Commissary went an equal number; the third he gave to Captain Alonso del Castillo and to Andrés Dorantes with forty-eight men; another to two captains named Téllez and Peñalosa with forty-seven men. After we loaded provisions and clothing, there was no more than one xeme above the water line. Besides this, we were squeezed in so tightly that we could not move. So great was our hardship that it forced us to venture out in this manner and to go out into such rough seas, without having anyone with us who knew the art of navigation. CHAPTER NINE How We Left the Bay of Horses The bay from which we departed is called the Bay of Horses. We traveled seven days through those bays in waist-deep water without seeing any sign of the open sea. Then we arrived at an island near the mainland. My boat was first. We saw five Indian canoes coming from the island, and the Indians abandoned the canoes when they saw us approaching them and left the canoes in our possession. The other boats overtook us and put in at some lodges on the island. There we saw many dried mullet and roe, which relieved our great hunger. After we took them, we went ahead, and two leagues from there passed a channel between the island and the mainland which we called San Miguel in honor of the day on which we sailed out through it. Once through it, we were on the open seacoast, where we used the canoes I had taken from the Indians to improve our boats, making washboards from them and securing them in such as way that our vessels rose two spans above the water. We then turned our attention to IIIF Item Metadata UUID b5b609d0-343e-43c6-9f8a-2331302ced32 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/5325311a5e90ff638801c73f38139146.tif 90fc0bb7482e4e3010a60e014bcd4510 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 25 Description An account of the resource many palmettos gathered to use their fiber and covering, twisting it and preparing it to use it instead of oakum for the boats. The sole carpenter in our company had begun constructing the boats. We worked so diligently that we began on August 4th and had finished five boats by September 20th. Each one measured twentytwo cubits, and was caulked with the palmetto fibers. We caulked them with a kind of pitch from resin, made by a Greek named Don Theodoro from some pine trees and the palmetto fiber. From the horses' tails and manes we made rope and rigging; out of our shirts we made sails; and from some junipers near there we made oars, which we thought were necessary. And that land to which we had been brought by our sins was such that it was very difficult to find stones for ballast and anchors. Nowhere in it had we seen any. We skinned the legs of the horses in one piece and cured the hides to make skins for carrying water. Twice during this time, while some of our men were gathering shellfish in the coves and inlets of the sea, the Indians attacked and killed ten of them within sight of our camp, but we could not go to their aid. We found them shot right through with arrows. Although some of them had good armor, it was not enough to withstand the arrows that they shoot with such skill and strength, as I said above. According to the sworn statement of our pilots, we had traveled about 280 leagues from the bay we called La Cruz to this point. In all this land we did not see any mountains nor did we hear of any at all. Before we set sail-not counting those killed by Indians-more than forty of our men had died of illness and hunger. By the twenty-second of September we had eaten all but one of the horses. That day we embarked in the order: forty-nine men went in the Governor's boat; IIIF Item Metadata UUID 5cdae894-76f6-4670-b81f-198fd3d7ea39 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/c29f253ce2e2ee81edf6ad814a769475.tif c82d0b97b753925c101f15c21ec7367f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 24 Description An account of the resource and one by one requested their advice for leaving that awful country and seeking some help, for there was none to be found in it. Since a third of the men were quite sick and with every passing hour more were succumbing to illness, we were certain that we would all get sick and die, and the situation was made more serious by the place we were in. Seeing all these and many other obstacles and suggesting many solutions, we all agreed on one, very difficult to carry out. It was to build boats in which we could leave. It seemed impossible to everyone because we did not know how to build them and had no tools, iron, forge, oakum, pitch, rigging, or any of the many things needed for it, and we especially lacked someone to provide expertise. Worst of all, there would be nothing to eat while the vessels were being built nor skilled men to do the job. Considering all this, we decided to think about it at greater length, and the discussion ceased that day. Each man commended the situation to God our Lord, asking him to lead it so that he would be best served. The following day God willed for one of the men to come forth saying that he would make some flues from wood and several bellows from deerskins. Since we were in such a situation that anything that had the appearance of relief seemed good to us, we said that it should be done. And we agreed that we would make nails, saws, axes and the other necessary tools out of our stirrups, spurs, crossbows and other iron items we had, since we had such a great need for this. To relieve our lack of food while we were doing this, we decided that four forays to Aute were needed, with all the men and horses that could go. We also said that on the third day we should slaughter one of the horses to divide it among the sick and those who were working on the small boats. The forays were made with as many men and horses as possible, which yielded about four hundred fanegas of corn, although not without struggles and fights with the Indians. We had IIIF Item Metadata UUID a22b750c-e113-4ce1-9478-323591fcd12e https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/4cf06ad2bb631b909c7200e8a41c52f4.tif 74ca46a8cdb6444c0d88445bc0c13be2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 23 Description An account of the resource The Indians also killed one of their horses. I gave an account of my reconnaissance and of the poor condition of the country. We remained there that day. CHAPTER EIGHT How We Left Aute The following day we left Aute and marched all day until we got to where I had been. The march was extremely difficult because we did not even have sufficient horses to carry the sick nor did we know how to cure them. It was very pitiful and painful to see the affliction and want that was on us. When we arrived we saw that there was little we could do to continue onward, because there was no place to pass through. Besides, even if there had been a good passage, our men could not have gone on because most of them were sick, and there were too few able-bodied men. I will not talk about this at great length here, since each person can imagine what we went through in this land that was so strange and so bad and so totally lacking in resources either for staying or for leaving. We nevertheless never lost confidence in the idea that God our Lord would provide the surest relief. Something else happened that made our situation worse still: the majority of the cavalrymen began to leave secretly, thinking that they could save themselves. They abandoned the Governor and the sick men who were totally weak and helpless. But among them there were many noble and well-bred men who did not wish to see this happen without reporting it to the Governor and to Your Majesty's officers. Since we decried their objectives and set before them what a bad time this was to desert their captain and the sick and weak men, and especially to leave Your Majesty's service, they agreed to stay and share everything without abandoning one another. When the Governor saw this, he called them all IIIF Item Metadata UUID 8c1b2d3d-a673-4a12-9d31-600c5332402b https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/a684206ce8b514cb99e1a5d4fa01790b.tif b7d71d73ed1ff6927cc69c2b29cc20ff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 22 Description An account of the resource and no Indians appeared from the aforementioned swamp until we had gone one league and arrived at our destination. While we were still on our way, Indians came out without being noticed and attacked our rearguard. A nobleman named Avellaneda turned around and went to aid them when he heard the shouts of his servant boy. The Indians hit him with an arrow on the edge of his breastplate and the wound was so deep that most of the arrow came out of his neck. He died there and we carried him to Aute. It was a nine-day journey from Apalachee to Aute. When we arrived we found all the people of the village gone, the village burned and much corn, squash and beans, all ready to be harvested. After resting there for two days, the Governor asked me to go find the coast, which the Indians said was very near. On the way we had already found the sea by going down a very large river we discovered, which we called the Magdalena River. The following day, I set out to find the coast with the Commissary, Captain Castillo, Andrés Dorantes, plus seven horsemen and fifty on foot. We walked until the hour of vespers, when we reached an inlet where we found many oysters, which greatly pleased the men. And we gave great thanks to God for having brought us there. The following morning I sent twenty men to reconnoiter the coast and notice how it lay. They returned the following night, saying that those inlets and bays were very large and went so far inland that they hindered their passage to reconnoiter, and that the seacoast was very far from there. When I found this out and saw how poorly prepared and outfitted we were to explore the coastline, I returned to the Governor. When we arrived we found him and many other men sick. The night before, Indians had attacked them and caused them great hardship because of the illness that had afflicted them. IIIF Item Metadata UUID 1e7583f1-c079-4858-b5ff-eab1b3cce6f4