8 10 135 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/a47a0aa82c9aa81be645769168f179e6.tif eefa18e383e9a74254ef1b06a435d9a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 47 Description An account of the resource Two days after Lope de Oviedo left, the Indians holding Alonso del Castillo and Andrés Dorantes came to the aforementioned place, to eat those nuts, upon which they subsist solely for two months of the year, ground with small grains. And they do not have this every year because they only come here every other year. The nuts are the size of Galician walnuts and grow on very large trees, of which there are many.' An Indian informed me that the Christians had arrived, telling me that if I wanted to see them I should hide and flee to the edge of a forest towards which he pointed, because he and some relatives of his were going to see those Indians and would take me with them to where the Christians were. I decided to trust them and follow the suggestion, because they spoke a language different from that of my Indians. The next day we carried out the plan and they found me in the place we had agreed upon and took me with them. When I arrived near the place where they lived, Andrés Dorantes came out to see who it was, since the Indians had told him that a Christian was coming. When he saw me he was terrified because they thought I had died many days before, and the Indians had told them so. We thanked God very much for being together, and that day was one of the happiest of our lives. When we got to where Castillo was, they asked me where I was going. I told him that my plan was to go to a land of Christians and that I wanted to undertake that search and course. Andrés Dorantes replied that he had been urging Castillo and Estebanico to press onward, but that they did not dare because they did not know how to swim and greatly feared the rivers and inlets they would have to cross, for there are many in that land. Since God our Lord had seen fit to spare me through all my hardships and illnesses and bring me at last to be with them, I agreed to carry them across any rivers or bays IIIF Item Metadata UUID 40227b8b-0b3c-455c-9a63-9e6c976d39a6 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/cfc6836dc7c52246ee16995f565701a6.tif 59291c93fe0df2c73f45af07f0ec6375 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 48 Description An account of the resource that we found if they decided that they wanted to flee. They warned me not to let the Indians know in any way that I wanted to press on because then they would kill me. They told me I should spend six months with them, after which those Indians would go to another land to eat prickly pears. These are fruits the size of an egg, red and black in color and with a very good flavor. They eat them three months of the year, when they eat nothing else. While they are gathering them, other Indians from further away come to them with bows to deal and trade with them, and we could flee from our Indians and go away with the other Indians when they left. After agreeing on this, I remained there and they gave me as a slave to an Indian with whom Dorantes stayed and who was blind in one eye. His wife and a son that he had and another who was with him had the same condition, such that they were all one- eyed. These are called the Mariames, and Castillo was with a neighboring group called the Yguazes. While we were there they told me that, while they were on the Isle of Misfortune, they found grounded on the seacoast the boat that had carried the Purser and the friars. While they were crossing those four very large rivers with strong currents, their boats were swept out to sea, where four of their men drowned. They went on that way until they crossed the inlet. They crossed it with great difficulty, and fifteen leagues further on they came to another." By the time they got there two of their comrades had died in the sixty leagues they had traveled, and the rest of them were near death, since they had eaten only crabs and kelp the entire way. When they arrived at this last inlet, they said they found Indians eating blackberries there. When the Indians saw the Christians, they went to the other end. While they were trying to find a way to cross the inlet, an Indian and a Christian passed by. When he neared them, they recognized that it was Figueroa, one of the four that we had sent ahead from the Isle of IIIF Item Metadata UUID e53257ac-58f5-4fa3-b90d-dfb185bfb7c4 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/adab50800f033fec47141a7ae9debbac.tif 929df3a3afbdc0001383f721e4a43c01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 49 Description An account of the resource Misfortune. Figueroa told them how he and his companions had gotten as far as that place, where two of the Christians and one Indian had died, all three of cold and starvation, since they had arrived and remained during the worst weather imaginable. He said that some Indians had captured him and Méndez. While they were with these Indians, Méndez had fled, going as best he could in the direction of Panuco, but the Indians pursued him and killed him. While Figueroa was with these Indians, he learned from them that there was among the Mariames a Christian who had come from the other side. Figueroa had found him with the Quevenes; he was a Christian named Hernando de Esquivel, a native of Badajoz, who had come with the Commissary. Figueroa said that he learned from Esquivel what had happened to the Governor and the Purser and the others. Esquivel told him that the Purser and the friars had run their boat aground between the rivers. While the Governor's boat was proceeding along the coast, he and his men landed, and the Governor continued on with his boat until he arrived at that large inlet. From there he turned back to board the men and take them to the other side, and he returned for the Purser and the friars and all the others. He said that, once they disembarked, the Governor revoked the Purser's commission to be his lieutenant, and reassigned it to a captain named Pantoja who had come with him. Figueroa also said that the Governor stayed in his boat that night and did not want to go ashore. A sailing master and a sick page stayed with him, but there was no food or water on the boat. At midnight the north wind blew so strongly that it carried the boat out to sea, since it had only a stone anchor, without anyone seeing it. That was the last they heard of him. When they saw what had happened, those who were on land went along the coast. Hindered by a large body of water, they built rafts with great difficulty and crossed to the other side on them. Moving on, they arrived at the edge of a wood on the shore. There they found Indians who, when they saw them coming, put their lodges in their canoes and crossed IIIF Item Metadata UUID ea75dbbb-d87b-4d61-8c5c-0d3abb5de188 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/de69cd205830167cfcd7e3987818c549.tif 2ab02639be352b05603519610d3381b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 50 Description An account of the resource to the other side of the coast." And the Christians, seeing what the weather was like, since it was Novernber, stayed in these woods where they found water and firewood and some crabs and shellfish, and where little by little they began to die of cold and hunger. Moreover, Pantoja, who was now in charge, treated them badly. Sotomayor, brother of Vasco Porcallo from the island of Cuba, who had sailed with the fleet as a Senior Officer of the Militia, and unable to bear it any longer, had a fight with Pantoja and dealt him a heavy blow that killed him on the spot. And so there were fewer and fewer of them. As the men died, the survivors cut and dried their flesh. The last one to die was Sotomayor, and Esquivelel cut and dried his flesh, surviving by eating it until the first of March, when an Indian who had fled there came to see if they had died and took Esquivel away with him. While Esquivel was held by this Indian, Figueroa talked to him and found out everything we have just related. Figueroa urged Esquivel to go with him so that they could both leave in the direction of Panuco. Esquivel refused, saying that he knew from the friars that they had already passed Panuco. So he remained there and Figueroa went to the coast, where he stayed. CHAPTER EIGHTEEN How He Told Esquivel's Story Figueroa gave us this account based on what Esquivel had related to him, and so it went from mouth to mouth until it reached me. From it the fate of the entire fleet will be seen and learned, and what occurred to each of the men in particular. He further added that if Christians were to go through that area for some time, they might see Esquivel, since he knew that Esquivel had fled from the Indian with whom he was to another group called the Mariames who lived near there. And as I have just said, Esquivel and the Asturian wanted IIIF Item Metadata UUID 380f1441-381e-44ed-9f19-5ea3d20ce90b https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/9b166153a6edf1c321618594423c0014.tif 60a5639d462cdaf0bd707945ab915504 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 51 Description An account of the resource to go to other Indians further ahead. But since the Indians holding him found this out, they went after them, beat them severely, stripped the Asturian and put an arrow through his arm. Nonetheless, the Christians managed to escape, and remained with the other Indians consenting to be their slaves, although while they were serving them they were treated worse than any slave or man has ever been. There were six of them, and not content with slapping them many times and pulling out their beards as a pastime, the Indians killed three of them for going from one lodge to another. These were Diego Dorantes and Valdivieso and Diego de Huelva. The remaining three men expected the same fate. Rather than endure this kind of life, Andrés Dorantes fled and went over to the Mariames, who were the people with whom Esquivel ended up. They told him how they had held Esquivel, and how he wanted to flee from them because a woman dreamed that he was going to kill one of her children. The Indians went after him and killed him, showing Andrés Dorantes his sword, his beads, his book and other things he had. They do this because of a custom they have, namely to kill their sons because of dreams. When their daughters are born they cast them to the dogs, which eat them. The reason for doing this, according to them, is that all the people of that land are their enemies with whom they are constantly at war, and if their enemies were to marry their daughters, they would multiply so much that they would conquer them and take them as slaves. For this reason they preferred to kill their daughters rather than have them bear offspring who would be their enemies. We asked them why they did not marry their daughters to their own men and they replied that they considered it an unseemly thing to marry them to their relatives and that it was better to kill them than to give them to their relatives or their enemies. This custom is observed only by these people and their neighbors, the Yguazes, and by no other people in that land. When they want to get married, IIIF Item Metadata UUID 3b1109ed-bd90-4ec6-bd44-edc99f2c9094 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/943081bf1d28c022fabad195298c2e1c.tif 37dd35b44af01af8e89386e48892c2f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 52 Description An account of the resource they buy wives from their enemies, each one paying the price of the best bow he has and two arrows. If a man does not have a bow, he gives a net up to one fathom wide and another fathom long. They kill their own children and buy the children of strangers. A marriage lasts only as long as they are happy, and for the slightest reason they dissolve the marriage. Dorantes stayed with these people and fled after a few days. Castillo and Estebanico went inland on the mainland, to the Yguazes. All these people are archers and well built, although not as tall as the ones we left behind. They pierce their nipples and their lips. Their principal food is roots of two or three kinds, for which they search throughout the land. The roots are very bad and cause people who eat them to swell up. It takes two days to roast them and many of them are very bitter. On top of this, they are very difficult to dig. Those people are so hungry that they can not do without them, and go two or three leagues looking for them. Sometimes they kill some deer, and sometimes they catch fish. But this is so little and their hunger so great that they eat spiders, ant eggs, worms, lizards, salamanders, snakes and poisonous vipers. They eat dirt and wood and whatever they can get, as well as deer excrement and other things I will not talk about. My observations lead me to believe that they would eat stones if there were any in that land. They keep the bones of the fish, snakes, and other things they eat to grind them into a powder which they eat. Among these people men carry no loads, nor anything heavy. This is done by women and old people, who are the people they least esteem. They are not as fond of their children as the ones mentioned above. Some of them sin against nature. The women are worked very hard with many tasks, and out of the twenty-four hours in a day, they rest only six. They spend the rest of the night stoking their ovens IIIF Item Metadata UUID afdf13c3-1e94-413d-809a-d01b98562cd1 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/6ed7142c5d838ffbb2006de2e60fed23.tif ecfd9e9a5497129eb7d5a365fdd912fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 53 Description An account of the resource to dry those roots that they eat. At dawn they begin to dig and carry firewood and water to their dwellings and to take care of other important needs. Most of these people are big thieves, because even if they are generous to one another, if one turns his head, his own son or father takes what he can. They tell a lot of lies and are drunkards-for this they drink a certain thing. They are so used to running that they can run from morning to night chasing deer without resting or becoming tired. This way they kill many of them, because they pursue them until the deer tire. Sometimes they take them alive. Their lodges are made of mats placed on four arches. They carry them on their backs and move every two or three days to search for food. They plant nothing that would be of any use to them. They are a very merry people; no matter how hungry they may be, they still dance and have their festivities and areítos. The best season for them is when they eat prickly pears, because they are not hungry then and spend all their time dancing. They eat them night and day. During this entire season, they squeeze them, open them and set them out to dry. After they are dried they put them in baskets like figs, and keep them to eat on the way back. They grind the peelings into a powder. Many times while we were with these people, we went three or four days without eating because there was no food. They tried to cheer us up by telling us that we should not be sad, because soon there would be prickly pears. We would eat a lot of them and drink their Juice and our bellies would swell, and we would be very contented and happy and not be hungry. They told us this five or six months before prickly pear season. We had to wait the six months and at the right time, we went to eat prickly pears. We found throughout that land very many mosquitoes-three kinds of them. They are awful and annoying, and for most of the summer IIIF Item Metadata UUID 24e4791d-9cf4-4c09-b022-a899e77bc605 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/bb31b6243698172bb880cd40ecafeeee.tif 626b14a0b2b5042f4c375707006b5a03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 54 Description An account of the resource very troublesome. To protect ourselves from them, we would build many fires around the people, using rotten, damp firewood so that it would not burn well but produce a lot of smoke. But this protection caused another affliction, because all night long our eyes watered from the smoke in them. On top of this we had to withstand the great heat from the fires. We would go out to sleep on the coast, but if we could ever get to sleep, the Indians would awaken us with a beating to go and rekindle the fires. The Indians of the interior protect themselves in another way that is even less bearable: they walk around with firebrands in their hands, burning the fields and the woods around them to drive off the mosquitoes and to drive out from under the ground lizards and other things they eat. They also kill deer by encircling them with fire. They also do this to destroy the animals' grazing areas, so that they will be forced to go where they want them, since the Indians never make camp except in places having water and firewood. Sometimes they carry all these things and go look for deer, which ordinarily are found where there is no water or firewood. On the day they arrive, they kill deer and other things and use up all the water and firewood for cooking and for building fires to protect themselves from mosquitoes. They wait until the following day to gather things for their return. When they depart, they are so bitten by mosquitoes that they appear to have St. Lazarus' disease. In this manner they satisfy their hunger two or three times a year, at such a great cost, as I have said. Having endured this, I can affirm that no other affliction suffered in the world can equal this. In this country there are many deer and other animals and birds of the kind I have already mentioned. Cows come here; I have seen them three or four times and eaten them. It seems to me they are about the size of the ones in Spain. They have two small horns, like Moorish cattle, and very long hair, like a fine blanket made from the wool of merino sheep. Some are brownish and others black. It seems to me IIIF Item Metadata UUID 9227755c-4968-4fa3-95ab-ca592bd3ea02 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/ddfa83077ecf2fa1ed95990190454e35.tif 77596a9884d5a27cb68d5d0b770c8157 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 55 Description An account of the resource that they have more and better meat than cattle here in Spain. From the small ones the Indians make blankets to cover themselves, and from the large ones they make shoes and shields. These animals come from the North all the way to the coast of Florida, where they scatter, crossing the land for more than four hundred leagues. All along their range, through the valleys where they roam, people who live near there descend to live off them, and take inland a great quantity of their hides. CHAPTER NINETEEN How the Indians Left Us After I had been with the Christians for six months waiting to carry out our plan, the Indians went to gather prickly pears, that grew about thirty leagues from there. When we were about to flee, the Indians we were with fought among themselves over a woman, hitting one another with fists and sticks and striking one another on the head. They were so angry that each one took his lodge and went off by himself, making it necessary for us Christians who were there to leave also. In no way were we able to come together until the following year. During this time my life was miserable because I was so hungry and so mistreated by the Indians. I tried to escape from my masters three times, but each time they went after me intending to kill me. God our Lord through his great mercy protected and sheltered me from them. When prickly pear season came again, we came together in the same place, since we had already plotted and picked the day we were to escape. On that day the Indians left us and each one of us went his own way. I told my companions that IIIF Item Metadata UUID a90a05c3-1336-4fbf-9ac7-68ffcf9767de https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/ba04cf429442622a832149d96c4d8dd4.tif 55bcc629b3044c603f72b51224decad9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 56 Description An account of the resource I would wait for them in the prickly pear fields until the time of the full moon. That day was the first of September and the first day of the new moon. I told them that if they did not appear at the time we agreed upon, I would go away without them. So we left, each with his own Indians. I was with mine until the thirteenth day of the moon, and I had decided to flee to other Indians once the moon was full. On the thirteenth day of the month, Andrés Dorantes and Estebanico came to where I was and told me how Castillo was nearby with other Indians called the Anagados. They told me that they had had great difficulties and had gotten lost and that on the following day our Indians had moved towards where Castillo was. They were going to Join the others and become friends, since they had been at war until then. In this manner we found Castillo. The whole time that we ate the prickly pears we were thirsty. To quench our thirst we drank prickly pear Juice. We squeezed the juice into a hole we made in the ground, and when it was filled we drank until we were satisfied. The juice is sweet and has the color of syrup. The Indians do it this way because they have no vessels. There are many kinds of prickly pears, some of them very good, although they all seemed good to me, since my hunger never allowed me the luxury of being selective or thinking about which were better. The great majority of these people drink rain water collected in various places. Although there are rivers, the people do not settle in one place, since they do not have any known or reliable sources of water. Throughout this country there are very large and beautiful pasturelands, with good grazing for cattle, and I think that it would be a very fruitful land if it were cultivated and inhabited by civilized people. We did not see any mountains the entire time we were there. Those Indians told us that there were others further away towards the coast called the Camones, who had killed all the men that came in Penalosa and Tellez's boat. They said that the men were so weak that, while they were being killed, they did not fight back, and so the Indians finished them off. IIIF Item Metadata UUID 65d31d9a-be45-4117-bb67-db3d01a3503d