5 10 135 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/12cb13b4471b055779c2be2f8221e48b.tif 7f09f41e8356015993179131ea2be675 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 71 Description An account of the resource customs and habits of other people, but also to warn anyone who may encounter these people about their customs and cunning-very useful information in such cases. CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX About the Peoples and Languages I also wish to give an account of the peoples and languages from the Isle of Misfortune to this point. On the Isle of Misfortune there are two languages: one group speaks Capoque and the other speaks Han. On the mainland across from the island there is another group called the Charruco, who take their name from the woods in which they live. Further along the seacoast live others called the Doguenes and across from them others whose name is the Mendica. Still further along the coast are the Quevenes and across from them on the mainland and well inland are the Mariames. Going along the coast there are others called the Guaycones; on the mainland across from them and inland are the Yguazes. By these are others named the Atayos and beyond them the Acubadaos. There are many Acubadaos further on in that direction. On the coast live others called the Quitoles; on the mainland across from them and inland are the Avavares. To these should be added the Maliacones, Cutalchiches, Susolas and Comos. Further along the coast are the Camoles, and further on the same coast are the ones we call Indians of the Figs. All these people have different dwellings, villages and languages. Among these there is a language in which men are called by saying arre aca, meaning "'look here," and dogs by saying xo. Throughout this land they get drunk on a certain smoke and give all they have to obtain it. They also drink a tea made from the leaves of a tree that resembles the live oak, which they toast in vessels on a fire. After the leaves are toasted, they fill the vessel with water and keep it on the fire. When it has twice come to a boil, they pour it into another vessel IIIF Item Metadata UUID 58b702cc-c0ba-4f81-841c-4db958ad65aa https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/599550800b973e9bf712e91919153c37.tif 54f020154ff19b384b32b587a9b741cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 70 Description An account of the resource Before one goes to sleep he tries his bow, and should the string not be taut, he tightens it. They often leave their lodges crawling on the ground so that they cannot be seen and they look and keep watch everywhere to notice everything. If they sense anything, they all are up at once in the field with their bows and arrows, spending the night that way, running to different places as they think necessary or where their enemies may be. After dawn, they loosen their bows again until they go hunting. The bowstrings are deer sinews. Their way of doing battle involves crouching on the ground. While they are shooting at each other, they are constantly talking and iumping from one place to another to protect themselves from the arrows of their enemies. They do the same in similar battles when they are being attacked by crossbows and harquebuses and suffer few injuries from them. In truth, the Indians make a mockery of these arms, because they are useless against them in open country where the Indians are scattered around. Those arms are good for narrow and swampy places. In all other places, horses, which all Indians fear, are needed to subjugate them. Anyone who may have to do battle with Indians needs to be very aware that they must not sense in him any weakness or greed for what they have. While at war with them, they should be treated harshly, because if they sense fear or greed, they know how to find the right time for revenge, and they draw strength from their adversaries fear. After they have shot at one another and used up their arrows, each side turns back and goes on their way without being pursued by the others, even if they are outnumbered. This is their custom. Many times arrows go right through them but the wounds are not fatal unless the entrails or heart are wounded; instead they heal quickly. They see and hear better and have sharper senses than any other people in the world. They endure hunger, thirst and cold very well, since they are more accustomed and used to them than other people are. I wanted to relate this, not only because all men wish to know the IIIF Item Metadata UUID e71ce1b2-ac09-4598-88f0-453dc10ecd20 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/a7b05e235cf9ac29bffba174c8473e90.tif 2b2911860be6b21c219e40385ad9ae6a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 69 Description An account of the resource their women and children can sleep there. When night falls, they light fires in their lodges to mislead any spies into thinking that they are in them. Before dawn they rekindle the same fires. If their enemies come to attack their dwellings, the men in the ditch attack them and inflict much damage from the trenches, without being seen or found by the intruders. When there are no forests that would allow them to conceal themselves in this fashion and carry out ambushes, they set up in an open area as best they can and surround the camp with trenches covered with brushwood and they make their loopholes to shoot at their enemies, preparing these things for the night. While I was with the Doguenes, their enemies surprised them at midnight, attacking them and killing three and wounding many others, causing them to flee from their dwellings into the woods. Once they knew that the others had gone, they returned to the place of the attack and gathered all the arrows that the others had shot. As stealthily as they could, they followed the attackers and spent the night near the others' lodges without being noticed. Shortly before dawn, they attacked them, killing five and wounding many others. They made them flee, leaving their dwellings and bows as well as all their belongings. Shortly thereafter the women of the Quevenes came and mediated between them and caused them to be friends, although the women sometimes are the reason battles begin. Whenever any of these people have particular enmity, they snare and kill each other at night, unless they are members of the same family, and inflict great cruelties on one another. CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE How the Indians Are Skilled with a Weapon These people are the readiest with weapons that I have ever seen. If they fear an attack by their enemies, they lie awake all night with their bows and a dozen arrows next to them. IIIF Item Metadata UUID 2b31974c-12a4-49f7-9cf3-e1b9fad6d9c2 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/1702c91c7a78f641699e75e685a84fbb.tif 1eef4891c8b131bfb399ca45115383f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 68 Description An account of the resource they let them nurse, so that they won't die in times of hunger. Even if some should survive those times, they would end up sickly and very weak. If any fall sick, they leave him to die in the wilderness, if he is not their child. If any cannot keep up with them, they are left behind. But they will carry a son or a brother on their backs. All these people have the custom of leaving their wives when there is a disagreement between husband and wife, and then they marry whomever they please. This is among childless men, because those who have children remain with their wives and do not leave them. In some villages when they quarrel and have disputes among themselves, they punch and hit one another until they are tired and then they separate. Sometimes women separate them by coming between them; the men will not do this. No matter how heated the fight, they never resort to the bow and arrow. After they have finished punching each other, they take their lodges and their wives and go to live in the wilderness, away from the others until their anger has subsided. When their anger and wrath have gone, they return to their village and thereafter the two parties are friends and behave as if nothing had happened. It is not necessary for anyone to help them reconcile, because they do it themselves. If the men who quarrel are not married, they go away to other neighboring groups, who, even if they are their enemies, receive them well and are pleased to see them. They give them part of what they have; and so when their anger has subsided, they return to their village as rich men. All these people wage war. They are as astute in guarding themselves from their enemies as if they had been reared in Italy in a time of continuous war. When they are in a place where they can be attacked by their enemies, they set up their dwellings at the edge of the harshest and thickest woods they can find. Next to their camp they make a ditch and sleep in it. All the warriors are covered with brushwood, in which they make loopholes. They are so camouflaged and concealed that their enemies do not see them even if they are near them. They make a very narrow path into the center of the woods, so that IIIF Item Metadata UUID 500cb2f1-85f6-484c-92dc-8d3c0c77d86d https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/d2091702ae094e03af68a192f6235487.tif 8547890be7b6d87837476efc924f8a32 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 67 Description An account of the resource hungry, but that they would take us to some dwellings of theirs near by. That night we reached a place with fifty lodges, where the people were astonished to see us and were very afraid. After their fear of us subsided, they touched our faces and bodies and then ran their hands along their own faces and bodies. That is how we spent the night. In the morning they brought their sick people to us, asking us to bless them. They gave us what they had to eat, which was prickly pear leaves and roasted green prickly pears. Since they treated us very well and gladly and willingly shared with us what they had, they themselves doing without so that they could give to us, we stayed with them several days. While we were there, others arrived from further away. When these were leaving, we told the first ones that we wanted to leave with them. They were very sad about this and insistently begged us to stay. Finally we said good-bye to them and left them weeping over our departure, because it caused them great sorrow. CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR About the Customs of the Indians of That Land From the Isle of Misfortune to this land, all the Indians we encountered have the custom of not sleeping with their wives from the time they first notice they are pregnant until the child is two-years old. The children nurse at the breast until they are twelve years old, when they can look for food for themselves. When we asked them why they brought them up this way, they replied it was because of the great hunger in that land. When we were there, we saw them go two or three, sometimes even four days without food. For this reason IIIF Item Metadata UUID d4cf9644-eaaa-45ff-bc8f-255bc7956eb5 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/73f0e312bc1062faa339954d187d281e.tif 3222e25aef01249c1e255b6dcb9a8064 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 66 Description An account of the resource well and eat the scrapings, which was enough to sustain me for two or three days. It also happened that when these people, or the ones we were with before, gave us a piece of meat, we ate it raw, because if we tried to roast it, the first Indian that came by would take it and eat it. We thought that we should not risk losing the piece of meat. Besides, we were in no condition to take the trouble to eat it roasted, since we could better digest it raw. Such was the life we led there. What little food we had we earned from the trinkets we made with our own hands. CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE How We Left after Having Eaten the Dogs After we ate the dogs, we thought we had enough strength to press onward. Commending ourselves to God our Lord to guide us, we said good-bye to those Indians. They led us to others near there who spoke their language. It rained all day long on the way. Besides this, we lost our way and ended up in a very large woodland. We gathered many prickly pear leaves and roasted them that night in an oven that we made. We heated them so much that by morning they were ready to be eaten. After eating them, we commended ourselves to God and departed. We found the trail that we had lost. Once out of the woods, we found some Indian dwellings. When we reached them, we saw two women and some children who were around the Woods. They were frightened. When they saw us, they fled and went to call some Indians who were in the woods. When they came, they stayed behind some trees to look at us. We called them and they came very fearfully. After we talked to them, they said that they were very IIIF Item Metadata UUID ad70dd84-f118-4a3f-a765-34c34d72e0d4 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/a54194032b223bec479543329c72e51c.tif f81c33356bedc3dda476b4000a496291 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 65 Description An account of the resource among themselves, and each one of them took one of us by the hand and led us to their dwellings. With these people we suffered greater hunger than with the others, because the only thing we ate all day was two handfuls of that fruit. It was so green and had so much milky juice that it burned our mouths. There was little water and it made anyone who ate it very thirsty. Since we were so hungry we bought two dogs from them, trading for them some nets, a hide that I used as a cover and some other things. I've already mentioned that we went naked all this time. Since we were not used to this, we shed our skins twice a year like serpents. The sun and the air caused very large sores on our chests and backs, which caused much pain because of the great loads we had to carry, the weight of which caused the ropes to cut our arms. The country is very rugged and overgrown. We often gathered firewood in the woods, and by the time we carried it out, we were scratched and bleeding in many places, since the thorns and thickets we brushed against cut any skin they touched. Many times the gathering of firewood cost me a great deal of blood and then I could not carry it or drag it out. When I was afflicted in this way, my only comfort and consolation was to think about the suffering of our redeemer Jesus Christ and the blood he shed for me, and to consider how much greater was the torment he suffered from the thorns than what I was suffering at that time. I traded with these Indians, in bows and arrows and nets and made combs for them. We made mats, which they need very much. Even though they know how to make them, they do not want to be occupied in doing other things because they have to search for food instead. When they work on them, they suffer a great deal from hunger. At other times they would tell me to scrape and soften skins. I was never better off than the days they gave me skins to scrape, because I would scrape them very IIIF Item Metadata UUID 671e1950-3591-455e-b616-66b5629adcba https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/c563a12bcc338d11c9ec25da6437268f.tif aba828d47c711290e731225d2e4e1fe2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 64 Description An account of the resource to do those things to them. We assured them that as long as we were in their land he would not dare to appear. They were greatly relieved by this and lost much of their fear. These Indians told us that they had seen the Asturian and Figueroa on the coast with other Indians, the ones that we called Indians of the Figs. None of these peoples reckoned time by the sun or the moon, nor did they keep track of the month or the year. But they do understand and know about the different seasons when fruits ripen or fish die. They are very skilled and practiced in knowing when stars appear. We were always treated well by these people, although we had to dig for our food and carry our share of water and firewood. Their dwellings and foods are like those of the previous groups we encountered, although they suffer more hunger because they have no corn, acorns or nuts. We always walked around nude with them, covering ourselves at night with deerskins. We were very hungry for six of the eight months we spent with them. Another thing they lack is fish. At the end of this time, the prickly pears were beginning to ripen and we left without being noticed by them, for others further ahead called the Maliacones. They were a day's journey from there. The black man and I reached them, and after three days I sent him to bring Castillo and Dorantes. When they arrived, we all departed with the Indians, who were going to eat some small fruits that grow on trees, their only food for ten or twelve days while waiting for the prickly pears. There they joined other Indians called the Arbadaos, whom we noticed were very sick, emaciated and swollen, such that we were very astonished. The Indians with whom we had come returned the same way they had come, but we told them that we wanted to stay with these others, which saddened them. So we stayed in the wilderness with those others near their dwellings. When they saw us, they got together after having talked IIIF Item Metadata UUID 3f88be66-f3b1-4eb2-be8c-c2666a272aab https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/5a6a4cb0c82d8d0c932e287be45dcf0c.tif c457137aef0b782564b471809e8fd74a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 63 Description An account of the resource die as long as we were there. These Indians, and the ones we encountered before, told us a very strange thing which they reckoned had happened about fifteen or sixteen years earlier. They said that a man whom they called "Evil Thing" wandered that land. He had a small body and a beard, but they never were able to see his face. When he came to the house where they were, their hair stood on end and they trembled. Then there appeared at the entrance to the house a burning firebrand. Then he entered and took whomever he wanted and stabbed him three times in the side with a very sharp flint, as wide as a hand and two palms long. He would stick his hands in through the wounds and pull out their guts, and cut a piece of gut about a palm in length, which he would throw onto the embers. Then he would cut his victim three times in the arm, the second cut at the spot where people are bled. He would pull the arm out of its socket and shortly thereafter reset it. Finally he would place his hands on the wounds which they said suddenly heated. They told us that he often appeared among them when they were dancing, sometimes dressed as a woman and other times as a man. Whenever he wanted, he would take a buhio or a dwelling and lift it high. After a while he would let it drop with a great blow. They also told us that they offered him food many times but he never ate. They asked him where he came from and where he lived; he showed them an opening in the ground and said that his house was there below. We laughed a lot and made fun of these things that they told us. When they saw that we did not believe them, they brought many of the people who claimed he had taken them and showed us the marks of the stabbings in those places, just as they had said. We told them that he was evil, and, as best as we could, gave them to understand that, if they believed in God our Lord and became Christians as we were, they would no longer fear him, nor would he dare come IIIF Item Metadata UUID f17535f0-22c6-45ed-a516-6dead7d99c64 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/c37d65ca7bba7a388e4e16ae78958582.tif 81e727d64e4911d70263ef9e71f712df Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 62 Description An account of the resource breathed on him many times, they brought his bow to me along with a basketful of ground prickly pears. Then they took me to cure many others who had sleeping sickness. They gave me two other baskets of prickly pears, which I gave to the Indians who had come with me. Having done this, we returned to our dwellings. Our Indians, to whom I had given the prickly pears, remained there and returned that night. They said that the man who was dead and whom I had healed in their presence had gotten up well and walked and eaten and spoken to them, and that all the people we had healed had gotten well and were very happy. This caused great wonder and awe, and nothing else was spoken about in the entire land. Our fame spread throughout the area, and all the Indians who heard about it came looking for us so that we could cure them and bless their children. When the Cutalchiches, the people who were with our Indians, had to leave for their homeland, they offered us all the prickly pears they had stored for their journey, without keeping any. They gave us flints up to a palm and a half long, which they use for cutting and which they highly prize. They asked us to remember them and to pray to God for their good health, and we promised them that we would. With this they left as the happiest people in the world, after giving us the best things they had. We remained with those Avavares Indians for eight months, keeping track of the time by the phases of the moon. During all this time, people came from many places seeking us, saying that we were truly children of the sun. Up to this time Dorantes and the black man had not performed any healings, but we all became healers because so many people insisted, although I was the boldest and the most daring in undertaking any cure. We never treated anyone who did not say he was cured. They were so confident that our cures would heal them that they believed that none of them would IIIF Item Metadata UUID 9e5d8e7b-75ae-4185-b454-01c02407b2fa