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                <text>Cabeza de Vaca Performing the First Recorded Surgical Operation on the North American Continent by Tom Lea. Courtesy of the Moody Medical Library, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston</text>
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                <text>Cabeza de Vaca and a handful of other survivors wash ashore on what would later be known as Galveston Island. By Barbara Whitehead. Southwestern Writers Collection, Texas State University-San Marcos.</text>
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                <text>Cabeza de Vaca, Castillo, Esteban, and Dorantes meet the Spanish slave hunters. By Barbara Whitehead. Southwestern Writers Collection, Texas State University-San Marcos.</text>
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                <text>Photograph of Cabeza de Vaca's monumnet in Jerez de la Frontera by José Luis Jiménez.&#13;
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                <text>A Brief History of Cabeza de Vaca and La Relación</text>
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                <text>By Michael Hall</text>
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                <text>In 1625 Englishman Samuel Purchas published an anthology of exploration literature titled Purchas: His Pilgrimage. Included in the pages was the first-ever English translation of Cabeza de Vaca's account:&#13;
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                <text>Lord deeply for having come to our aid when we were in such great need, for besides being very tired we were weakened by hunger. On the third day after our arrival, the Purser, the Inspector, the Commissary and I joined in asking the Governor to send a party to search for the coast in the hope of finding a port, since the Indians had told us that we were not far from the sea. He replied that we should not even talk about such things because the coast was very far from there.&#13;
&#13;
Since I was the most insistent, he told me to go on foot with forty men to search for the coast and to look for a harbor. So the next day I left with Captain Alonso del Castillo and forty of his men. We walked until midday, when we arrived at sandbanks by the sea, which appeared to go far inland. We walked on them about a league and a half in knee-deep water, stepping on oysters that cut our feet severely and caused us a lot of hardship, until we arrived at the river we had already crossed, which ran into that same inlet. Since we could not cross it because we were so ill-equipped, we returned to camp and reported to the Governor what we had found. We told him we would have to cross the river again to explore the inlet and verify whether or not there was a harbor there. The next day he sent a captain named Valenzuela with sixty men on foot' and six on horses down to the sea to determine if there was a harbor. Valenzuela returned after two days of exploring the inlet, saying that it was a shallow, knee-deep bay without a harbor. He also said that he had seen five or six Indian canoes going from one side to the other, and that the Indians were wearing feather headdresses.&#13;
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                <text>our search for the province the Indians called Apalachee, taking as guides the Indians we had captured. We walked until the seventeenth of June without seeing any Indians bold enough to wait for us. Then a man appeared before us carrying on his back an Indian cloaked with a painted deerskin. Many people accompanied him and he was preceded by some playing cane flutes. He approached the Governor and spent an hour with him. By signs we told him we were going to Apalachee, to which he replied by signs that seemed to indicate that he was an enemy of the people of Apalachee and that he would go with us to help us against them. We gave him beads, little bells and other trinkets, and he gave the Governor the skin that he was wearing. Then he turned back and we followed his route.&#13;
&#13;
That night we came to a very wide, very deep and swift river, which we did not dare cross on rafts. We made a canoe and spent the better part of a day getting across. If the Indians had wanted to attack us, they could easily have kept us from crossing, for even with their help the crossing was difficult. A horseman named Juan Velázquez, native of Cuéllar, entered the river without waiting, and the swift current knocked him off his horse, but he held on to the reins, and both he and the horse drowned. The Indians of that chief, whose name was Dulchanchellin, found the horse and told us where we could find the man downstream. They went for him, and his death greatly saddened us because he was our first loss. The horse fed many men that night.&#13;
&#13;
Leaving there, we arrived at that Chief's village the following day and there he sent us some corn. That night someone shot an arrow at one of our men at the place where we got water, but by the grace of God he was not wounded.&#13;
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