2 10 135 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/a9caa7d3ceac2f42aea58381d21bfb5e.jpg a9cdef38db36579e88bb96c53f42955e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Art of Cabeza de Vaca IIIF Item Metadata UUID 37aab382-bdf2-4dd1-9fae-1bfc7e16db49 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/eef442ad6d3bda61b4ea4ceb7566ad33.jpg 54451c1f28cf128122aecc8316bd4b26 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coat of Arms of Cabeza de Vaca from the Archivo de Indias Description An account of the resource Coat of Arms of Cabeza de Vaca from the Archivo de Indias, Sevilla, Spain. Reprinted in The Odyssey of Cabeza de Vaca by Morris Bishop. New York: The Century Co., 1933 IIIF Item Metadata UUID 5741abfd-7fd2-44f0-90b5-29b90740f322 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/459adfba562f82ab7abe131351bf32a4.tif 4ef7dbde04041cf363aa0c0c89f3d7d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 5 Description An account of the resource CHAPTER ONE Which Tells When the Fleet Sailed, and of the Officers and People Who Went with It On the seventeenth day of the month of June of 1527, Governor Pánfilo de Narváez departed from the port of San Lúcar de Barrameda by authority and order of Your Majesty to conquer and govern the provinces which lie on the mainland from the River of Palms to Cape Florida . The fleet that he took consisted of five ships in which went six hundred men, more or less. The officers that he took-for they ought to be mentioned-were those named here: Cabeza de Vaca as treasurer and Provost Marshall ; Alonso Enríquez, purser; Alonso de Solís as Your Majesty's Factor, and Inspector; a friar of the Order of St. Francis named Juan Suárez, went as Commissary, along with four other friars of the same order. We arrived at the island of Santo Domingo, where we remained nearly forty-five days provisioning ourselves with necessary supplies, especially horses. Here more than 140 men deserted our fleet, wanting to remain there because of the proposals and promises made to them by the people of that land. From there we departed and sailed to Santiago, a port on the island of Cuba, where during our stay of a few days the Governor supplied himself with men, arms and horses. While there it happened that a gentleman named Vasco Porcalle, resident of the town of Trinidad on the same island, offered the governor certain provisions he had in Trinidad, one hundred leagues from the aforementioned port of Santiago. The governor departed for Trinidad with the entire fleet. IIIF Item Metadata UUID edcd5303-27e4-4aca-9d78-d81db26d8bf8 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/ddfa9d9d677c2e74c35d9d17deb3b53b.tif 67250ccf416069d936305f944474bfab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 6 Description An account of the resource But having gone half the distance and having reached a port called Cape Santa Cruz, it seemed to him that the fleet should wait there and send a ship to bring the provisions. For this purpose he sent a certain Captain Pantoja there with his ship and to be on the safe side, he ordered me to go with him. And the Governor remained with four ships, since he had bought another vessel on the island of Santo Domingo. When we arrived at the port of Trinidad with these two ships, Captain Pantoja went with Vasco Porcalle into the town, one league away, to obtain the provisions. I remained on board with the pilots who told us that we ought to leave that place as rapidly as possible, for it was a very poor harbor and many ships were lost in it. And because what happened to us there was very noteworthy, it seemed appropriate to the purpose and aim of my account of this journey to tell about it here. The following morning there were bad signs in the weather. It began to rain and the seas were getting so rough that I gave permission for the people on board to go ashore. They nevertheless saw how bad the weather was, and since the town was one league away, many returned to the ship rather than expose themselves to the rain and cold. Meanwhile a canoe came from the town bringing me a letter from a resident urging me to go there, saying that he would give me whatever provisions were available and necessary. I declined his offer, saying that I could not leave the ships. At midday the canoe returned with another letter requesting the same thing with great insistence. A horse for me to ride was brought to the shore. I gave the same answer as before, saying that I could not leave the ships. But the pilots and the people begged me very much to go so that I might hasten the transfer of provisions as much as possible, so that we could leave there, since they greatly feared that the ships would be lost if they remained there for long. For this reason I decided to go to the town. But first I made arrangements with and ordered the pilots IIIF Item Metadata UUID e42ba510-45ca-4f7a-b4c2-8f52048f6ac1 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/52cf91fad15ce1f037a4a9e7bfc4f09c.tif a51d815c7128236eb91e5a5b34c904e7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 7 Description An account of the resource to save the people and the horses when the south wind blew, and to beach the ships if they found themselves in danger, for winds from that direction wreck many vessels. Then I left. I wanted some people to accompany me, but they did not wish to leave, saying that it was too rainy and cold and the town was too far, but that the following day, which was Sunday, they would leave with God's help to hear mass. An hour after I departed the sea began to be very stormy and the north wind blew so strongly that not even the skiffs dared go toward land, nor could they beach the ships because of headwinds. They remained there that day and Sunday until nightfall with great difficulty because of the swirling winds and the heavy rainfall. At that time the rain and the storm began to increase so much that it was just as strong in the town as on the sea, for all the houses and churches were blown down, and it became necessary for us to go about in groups of seven or eight men locking our arms together so that we could keep the wind from blowing us away. And we feared being amidst the trees as much as the houses, for they too were being blown down and we could have been killed beneath them. In this storm and danger we went about all night without finding a place nor a spot where we might be safe for half an hour. While we were going about we heard all night long, especially from the middle of the night onward, a great uproar and noise of voices, and a great sound of little bells and of flutes and tambourines and other instruments that went on until morning, when the storm ceased. Never in these parts had such a fearsome thing been seen." I gathered evidence of it and sent the testimony to Your Majesty. Monday morning we went down to the port and did not find the ships. We saw their buoys in the water, from which we realized that they had been lost, and we went along the coast to see if we could find signs of them. Since we found nothing, we went into the woods, and a quarter of a league into them we found one of the ship's boats IIIF Item Metadata UUID 809b56ec-7dee-4fef-8fb4-fe3d45793ae7 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/5b9c9761547f9e202903bad45138a757.tif 4658c554957204358cca2dd98d2dbbf5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 8 Description An account of the resource in some trees. Ten leagues from there we found the bodies of two persons from my ship, and certain box covers, and the bodies were so disfigured from having struck the rocks that they could not be recognized. A cloak and a quilt torn to shreds were also found, but nothing else appeared. Sixty people and twenty horses perished on the ships. Those who had gone ashore the day the ships arrived, who must have numbered up to thirty, were the sole survivors of those who had come on both vessels. Thus, we endured several days with great hardship and need, for the provisions and sustenance that were in the town were lost, along with some livestock. It was pitiful to see the condition the land was left in, with fallen trees, the woods stripped bare, all without leaves or grass. We stayed there until the fifth of November, when the Governor arrived with his four ships, which also had weathered the great storm but had survived because they had found safe harbor in time. The people he brought in them and those he found there were so terrified of what had happened that they feared setting sail again in winter, and they pleaded with the governor to spend the season there. And he acceded to their wishes and those of the residents and wintered there. He put me in charge of the ships and the people, so that I could go with them to spend the winter in the port of Xagua, twelve leagues away, where I remained until the twentieth day of the month of February. CHAPTER TWO How the Govemor Came to the Port of Xagua and Brought a Pilot with Him At this time the Governor arrived with a brigantine he had purchased in Trinidad, bringing along a pilot named Miruelo. He had taken him because he said that he knew, and had been at, the River of Palms and that he was a very good pilot of the entire north coast. He also left on the coast of Havana another ship which he had purchased, IIIF Item Metadata UUID 9cf5526f-10cb-4b6d-bbcc-b03aec949155 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/a99644ea3792cc4d6a5f7cdd2c3775a1.tif 7c4fabab6d108db6e082fa1e09207013 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 9 Description An account of the resource along with Álvaro de la Cerda as captain, with forty men and twelve horses. Two days after the Governor's arrival we set sail with four hundred men and eighty horses in four ships and one brigantine. The pilot whom we had just engaged took the ships through the shoals called Canarreo, so that the following day we ran aground. And there we remained for two weeks, with the keels of the ships often high and dry. Finally a storm from the South flooded the shoals so much that we were able to leave, but not without great danger. Having departed from there and arrived at Guaniguanico, we almost perished in another storm that overtook us. We encountered another storm at Cape Corrientes, where we spent three days. After this we rounded Cape San Antonio and sailed with contrary winds until we were twelve leagues from Havana. The following day, as we were about to enter Havana, a wind from the South blew us away from the land. We crossed toward the coast of Florida, sighting land on Tuesday, April 12, and sailed along the coast of Florida. On Maundy Thursday we came upon a bay along that coast, at the head of which we saw several Indian houses and habitations. CHAPTER THREE How We Arrived in Florida That same day Alonso Enríquez, the Purser, set out for an island in the same bay where he called the Indians, who came and were with him a good while, and as exchange they gave him fish and a few pieces of venison. The following day was Good Friday and the Governor disembarked with the greatest number of people he could take with him in the skiffs he had. When we arrived at the Indians' buhios, or lodges, which we had seen, we found them empty and abandoned, since the people had left that night IIIF Item Metadata UUID 4438b8f5-4fbd-4a11-8529-14fe2c829ff0 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/fcd9868840c9db260d45488d2f75761c.tif 0198bb9dc5a9cfb7f3abb6b8e9f9ce8f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 10 Description An account of the resource in their canoes. One of those buhios was very large, probably capable of holding more than three hundred people; the others were smaller. There we found a litle golden bell among some nets. The following day the Governor raised Your Majesty's standards and took possession of the land in your royal name, presented his credentials and was obeyed as Governor as Your Majesty commands. Likewise we presented ours before him and he acknowledged them, as provided therein. Then he ordered all the others to disembark, along with the remaining horses, which now numbered only forty-two, since the others had died because of the great storms and the long time that they had spent at sea. The few that remained were so skinny and fatigued that for the moment they were of little use to us. The next day the Indians of that village came and spoke to us, but we did not understand them since we had no interpreter. They made many signs and threatening gestures and it seemed to us that they were telling us to leave that land. Then they left us and went away without hindering us. CHAPTER FOUR How We Entered the Land The following day the Governor decided to go inland to explore and see what was there. The Commissary, the Inspector and I went with him, along with forty men. Six of them rode horses, but these were of little use to us. We headed north until, at the hour of vespers, we arrived at a great bay which we thought went far inland. We stayed there that night and returned the following day to where the ships and people were. The governor ordered the brigantine to sail along the coast of Florida looking for the harbor which Miruelo, the pilot, had IIIF Item Metadata UUID 71ab133e-a39a-4258-80b1-774f7597d738 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/89b55e5aa3f7d25b51113515825b409e.tif acf7eb74a77ee50f2f874dd7887cda36 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 11 Description An account of the resource said he knew. But he had already erred and did not know where we were nor where the harbor was. The brigantine was ordered to find the harbor, and if unable, to cross back to Havana to look for the ship that Álvaro de la Cerda had, and to return to us with some provisions. When the brigantine departed, we went inland again, this time with a few more people, skirted the shore of the bay we had found. Having gone four leagues, we took four Indians and showed them corn to see if they were familiar with it, since we had not yet seen sign of it. They told us they would take us to a place that had some. So they took us to their village at the head of the bay near there, and there they showed us some corn, which was not yet ready to be picked. There we found many merchandise boxes from Castile, each containing the body of a dead man. The bodies were covered with painted deerskins. This seemed to the Commissary to be a type of idolatry, and he burned the boxes with the bodies. We also found pieces of linen and cloth and feather headdresses which seemed to be from New Spain. We also found samples of gold. Through signs we asked the Indians where they had gotten those things. They indicated to us that very far from there was a province called Apalachee, in which there was much gold, and they gestured that it had a great quantity of everything we valued. They said there was much in Apalachee. Taking those Indians as guides, we departed. Ten or twelve leagues from there we found another village of fifteen dwellings, where there was a good plot of planted corn, ready to be picked. We also found some that was already dry. After staying there two days, we returned to where the Purser and the people and the ships were, and told the Purser and the pilots what we had seen and the information that the Indians had given us. The next day, the first of May, the Governor took me aside with the Commissary, the Purser, the Inspector, a sailor named Bartolomé Fernández, IIIF Item Metadata UUID 7e661d10-7190-4840-86c0-8ca6052b5347 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/b9df5e20b23faa55de6c1389613ba626.tif 6469809e2e9f66dda7c091f6f354f5f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 12 Description An account of the resource and a notary named Jerónimo de Alániz. He told us that he wanted to go inland while the ships sailed the coast until they arrived at the harbor, which the pilots said and believed was very near there, on the way to the River of Palms. And he asked us to give him our opinion. I answered that under no circumstances should he leave the ships until they were in a secure and populated harbor, and that he should beware, for the pilots were uncertain and did not agree on the same thing, nor did they know where they were. Besides this, the horses were in no condition to be of use to us if we needed them. Furthermore, we were traveling without an interpreter, unable to speak to the Indians, and therefore had a difficult time communicating with them. I added that we did not know what we wanted from the land, and that we were entering a land for which we had no description, without knowing what kind of place it was, nor by what people it was inhabited, nor in which part of it we were. Moreover, we did not have sufficient provisions to enter an unknown land. Since little remained on the ships, each man could receive for the journey inland no more rations than one pound of biscuit and one of bacon. I said that I thought we should set sail and seek a harbor and a land more suitable for settlement, since what we had seen so far was as desolate and as poor as any that had ever been found in those regions. The Commissary thought quite the contrary, saying that we should not embark except to go along the coast in search of the harbor, for the pilots said that it would be only ten or fifteen leagues from there on the way to Panuco, and that it was impossible not to come upon it if we kept to the coast, since they said that the harbor extended twelve leagues inland, and that the first to arrive should await the others there. He said that putting out to sea would be tempting God, because since leaving Castile we had experienced so many hardships, so many storms, so many losses of persons and ships before arriving there. For these IIIF Item Metadata UUID 53011aaa-cb6d-47e5-abc1-a07be4a23e62