12 10 135 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/bf202f91b6aa6450975766444bfa627f.jpg 522451cd370c7fb9903bbabad896b19f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource From DeGrazia Paints Cabeza de Vaca by Ted DeGrazia. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1973. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. IIIF Item Metadata UUID 8671c89d-2f5f-4b75-bc43-d0d31fb1107f https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/88da4dff9c618d771eed98e59e679e78.jpg d9dfd14d875db996de1a1f37408852ce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource From DeGrazia Paints Cabeza de Vaca by Ted DeGrazia. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1973. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. IIIF Item Metadata UUID ee491ec5-9317-4e4a-b5d2-a36f282f6e53 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/b20c0eead15f5b37aa3fc9d83e270ef3.jpg 62fac527c515f4e8f0a850f5e771fe71 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource From the 1929 edition of La Relación, published by Grabhorn Press, San Francisco. IIIF Item Metadata UUID d95d50d2-2217-4668-b067-ef92a5bc8084 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/70f4ea1b4f32b2567b00d245bce1dd37.tif d3314b0786603c85406eb244b8d9d11b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 14 Description An account of the resource he and the others risked and to endure what he and the others would endure rather than to take charge of the ships and give anyone cause to say that I was staying out of fear, since I was opposed to entering, and thus have my honor doubted, for I preferred to risk my life than to have my honor questioned. Seeing that he was getting nowhere with me, he begged many others to speak to me about this and to plead with me, but I gave them the same answer that I had given him. And so he provided that a Justice named Caravallo, whom he had brought, should be his lieutenant and remain with the ships. CHAPTER FIVE How the Governor Left the Ships 0n Saturday, the first of May, the same day on which this had occurred, the Governor ordered that each of the men who were to accompany him be given two pounds of biscuit and half a pound of bacon. And so we departed to go inland, taking a total of three hundred men, I among them Commissary Friar Juan Suárez, another friar named Juan de Palos, three clergymen and the officers. Those of us going with them on horseback numbered forty. We traveled for two weeks with those provisions, finding nothing else to eat except palmettos like the ones in Andalusia. During this entire time we found no Indians nor dwellings nor settlements. Finally we reached a river which we crossed with great difficulty by swimming and on rafts. We spent one day crossing it, for it had a strong current. When we reached the other side two hundred Indians, more or less, approached us. The Governor went up to them and spoke to them by signs. They indicated by signs in such a way that we had to fight with them. We captured five or six of them, who took us to their lodges about half a league from there. There we found a large amount of corn ready to be picked. We thanked our IIIF Item Metadata UUID 6b6a49d4-c400-4d19-8457-a63bda7f1acc https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/89cecbb214a3855b31022ba37f8dc1eb.tif 06db50d2af498edb6700b1664e4d634d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 13 Description An account of the resource reasons he said the Governor should go along the coast until he arrived at the harbor, and that the other ships with the other people should go the same route until they arrived at the same harbor. Everyone there thought it fitting to do this, except the Notary, who said that before leaving the ships, the Governor should secure them in a known and safe harbor and in an area that was populated; and that having done this, he could then go inland and do what he wished. The Governor persisted in his way of thinking and went along with what the others advised him to do. When I saw his determination, I required him in Your Majesty's name not to leave the ships except safely in port, and I asked the Notary we had present to testify to that. He replied that he was satisfied with the opinion of the majority of the other officers and the Commissary and that I had no authority to make these requests of him. He asked the Notary to witness that, since that land had neither resources for supporting a settlement nor a harbor for the ships, he was breaking camp and was leaving with the people in search of a better port and land. Then he ordered that the people who were going with him be advised to prepare and to provide themselves with what was necessary for the journey. Having said this, in the presence of those who were there, he told me that, since I so opposed and feared going inland, I should remain and take charge of the ships and the people remaining on them, and that I should start a settlement If I arrived before he did. I declined this. After leaving there that very afternoon, saying that he could trust no one else for it, he sent word to me begging me to take charge of that matter. Seeing that I still declined although he greatly insisted, he asked me why I refused to accept. I replied that I declined to take charge because I knew and was certain that he would never again see the ships, nor the ships him, and that I thought this because I saw that he was going inland without any preparation. I said I preferred to risk the danger that IIIF Item Metadata UUID a6a9e3ff-da11-4f08-b2bf-5ee84c11612f https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/b9df5e20b23faa55de6c1389613ba626.tif 6469809e2e9f66dda7c091f6f354f5f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 12 Description An account of the resource and a notary named Jerónimo de Alániz. He told us that he wanted to go inland while the ships sailed the coast until they arrived at the harbor, which the pilots said and believed was very near there, on the way to the River of Palms. And he asked us to give him our opinion. I answered that under no circumstances should he leave the ships until they were in a secure and populated harbor, and that he should beware, for the pilots were uncertain and did not agree on the same thing, nor did they know where they were. Besides this, the horses were in no condition to be of use to us if we needed them. Furthermore, we were traveling without an interpreter, unable to speak to the Indians, and therefore had a difficult time communicating with them. I added that we did not know what we wanted from the land, and that we were entering a land for which we had no description, without knowing what kind of place it was, nor by what people it was inhabited, nor in which part of it we were. Moreover, we did not have sufficient provisions to enter an unknown land. Since little remained on the ships, each man could receive for the journey inland no more rations than one pound of biscuit and one of bacon. I said that I thought we should set sail and seek a harbor and a land more suitable for settlement, since what we had seen so far was as desolate and as poor as any that had ever been found in those regions. The Commissary thought quite the contrary, saying that we should not embark except to go along the coast in search of the harbor, for the pilots said that it would be only ten or fifteen leagues from there on the way to Panuco, and that it was impossible not to come upon it if we kept to the coast, since they said that the harbor extended twelve leagues inland, and that the first to arrive should await the others there. He said that putting out to sea would be tempting God, because since leaving Castile we had experienced so many hardships, so many storms, so many losses of persons and ships before arriving there. For these IIIF Item Metadata UUID 53011aaa-cb6d-47e5-abc1-a07be4a23e62 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/89b55e5aa3f7d25b51113515825b409e.tif acf7eb74a77ee50f2f874dd7887cda36 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 11 Description An account of the resource said he knew. But he had already erred and did not know where we were nor where the harbor was. The brigantine was ordered to find the harbor, and if unable, to cross back to Havana to look for the ship that Álvaro de la Cerda had, and to return to us with some provisions. When the brigantine departed, we went inland again, this time with a few more people, skirted the shore of the bay we had found. Having gone four leagues, we took four Indians and showed them corn to see if they were familiar with it, since we had not yet seen sign of it. They told us they would take us to a place that had some. So they took us to their village at the head of the bay near there, and there they showed us some corn, which was not yet ready to be picked. There we found many merchandise boxes from Castile, each containing the body of a dead man. The bodies were covered with painted deerskins. This seemed to the Commissary to be a type of idolatry, and he burned the boxes with the bodies. We also found pieces of linen and cloth and feather headdresses which seemed to be from New Spain. We also found samples of gold. Through signs we asked the Indians where they had gotten those things. They indicated to us that very far from there was a province called Apalachee, in which there was much gold, and they gestured that it had a great quantity of everything we valued. They said there was much in Apalachee. Taking those Indians as guides, we departed. Ten or twelve leagues from there we found another village of fifteen dwellings, where there was a good plot of planted corn, ready to be picked. We also found some that was already dry. After staying there two days, we returned to where the Purser and the people and the ships were, and told the Purser and the pilots what we had seen and the information that the Indians had given us. The next day, the first of May, the Governor took me aside with the Commissary, the Purser, the Inspector, a sailor named Bartolomé Fernández, IIIF Item Metadata UUID 7e661d10-7190-4840-86c0-8ca6052b5347 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/fcd9868840c9db260d45488d2f75761c.tif 0198bb9dc5a9cfb7f3abb6b8e9f9ce8f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 10 Description An account of the resource in their canoes. One of those buhios was very large, probably capable of holding more than three hundred people; the others were smaller. There we found a litle golden bell among some nets. The following day the Governor raised Your Majesty's standards and took possession of the land in your royal name, presented his credentials and was obeyed as Governor as Your Majesty commands. Likewise we presented ours before him and he acknowledged them, as provided therein. Then he ordered all the others to disembark, along with the remaining horses, which now numbered only forty-two, since the others had died because of the great storms and the long time that they had spent at sea. The few that remained were so skinny and fatigued that for the moment they were of little use to us. The next day the Indians of that village came and spoke to us, but we did not understand them since we had no interpreter. They made many signs and threatening gestures and it seemed to us that they were telling us to leave that land. Then they left us and went away without hindering us. CHAPTER FOUR How We Entered the Land The following day the Governor decided to go inland to explore and see what was there. The Commissary, the Inspector and I went with him, along with forty men. Six of them rode horses, but these were of little use to us. We headed north until, at the hour of vespers, we arrived at a great bay which we thought went far inland. We stayed there that night and returned the following day to where the ships and people were. The governor ordered the brigantine to sail along the coast of Florida looking for the harbor which Miruelo, the pilot, had IIIF Item Metadata UUID 71ab133e-a39a-4258-80b1-774f7597d738 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/a99644ea3792cc4d6a5f7cdd2c3775a1.tif 7c4fabab6d108db6e082fa1e09207013 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 9 Description An account of the resource along with Álvaro de la Cerda as captain, with forty men and twelve horses. Two days after the Governor's arrival we set sail with four hundred men and eighty horses in four ships and one brigantine. The pilot whom we had just engaged took the ships through the shoals called Canarreo, so that the following day we ran aground. And there we remained for two weeks, with the keels of the ships often high and dry. Finally a storm from the South flooded the shoals so much that we were able to leave, but not without great danger. Having departed from there and arrived at Guaniguanico, we almost perished in another storm that overtook us. We encountered another storm at Cape Corrientes, where we spent three days. After this we rounded Cape San Antonio and sailed with contrary winds until we were twelve leagues from Havana. The following day, as we were about to enter Havana, a wind from the South blew us away from the land. We crossed toward the coast of Florida, sighting land on Tuesday, April 12, and sailed along the coast of Florida. On Maundy Thursday we came upon a bay along that coast, at the head of which we saw several Indian houses and habitations. CHAPTER THREE How We Arrived in Florida That same day Alonso Enríquez, the Purser, set out for an island in the same bay where he called the Indians, who came and were with him a good while, and as exchange they gave him fish and a few pieces of venison. The following day was Good Friday and the Governor disembarked with the greatest number of people he could take with him in the skiffs he had. When we arrived at the Indians' buhios, or lodges, which we had seen, we found them empty and abandoned, since the people had left that night IIIF Item Metadata UUID 4438b8f5-4fbd-4a11-8529-14fe2c829ff0 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/5b9c9761547f9e202903bad45138a757.tif 4658c554957204358cca2dd98d2dbbf5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 8 Description An account of the resource in some trees. Ten leagues from there we found the bodies of two persons from my ship, and certain box covers, and the bodies were so disfigured from having struck the rocks that they could not be recognized. A cloak and a quilt torn to shreds were also found, but nothing else appeared. Sixty people and twenty horses perished on the ships. Those who had gone ashore the day the ships arrived, who must have numbered up to thirty, were the sole survivors of those who had come on both vessels. Thus, we endured several days with great hardship and need, for the provisions and sustenance that were in the town were lost, along with some livestock. It was pitiful to see the condition the land was left in, with fallen trees, the woods stripped bare, all without leaves or grass. We stayed there until the fifth of November, when the Governor arrived with his four ships, which also had weathered the great storm but had survived because they had found safe harbor in time. The people he brought in them and those he found there were so terrified of what had happened that they feared setting sail again in winter, and they pleaded with the governor to spend the season there. And he acceded to their wishes and those of the residents and wintered there. He put me in charge of the ships and the people, so that I could go with them to spend the winter in the port of Xagua, twelve leagues away, where I remained until the twentieth day of the month of February. CHAPTER TWO How the Govemor Came to the Port of Xagua and Brought a Pilot with Him At this time the Governor arrived with a brigantine he had purchased in Trinidad, bringing along a pilot named Miruelo. He had taken him because he said that he knew, and had been at, the River of Palms and that he was a very good pilot of the entire north coast. He also left on the coast of Havana another ship which he had purchased, IIIF Item Metadata UUID 9cf5526f-10cb-4b6d-bbcc-b03aec949155