11 10 135 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/cec5605ab97746330e005598f52c6735.tif dc66380eec684335b664abdd90b5bf55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 77 Description An account of the resource lived at the edge of the mountains. They said that there were many lodges and people there who would give us many things, but we did not want to go there because it was out of our way. We followed the flat land near the mountains, which we thought were not far from the coast. All the people of the coast are bad; so we thought it better to travel inland, because further inland the people are friendlier and treated us better. We thought we would certainly find a land that was more heavily populated and had more food. Furthermore, we did this so as to note the many particular things of that land, so that we could give an informative account of it if God our Lord should be pleased to lead one of us out and into a Christian land. When the Indians saw that we were determined not to go where they were leading us, they told us that there were no people there nor prickly pears or anything to eat where we wanted to travel. They asked us to stay there that day, which we did. Then they sent two Indians to look for people along the route we wanted to take. We left the following day, taking many of them with us. The women were carrying heavy loads of water, and our authority among them was so great that no one dared drink without our permission. Two leagues from there we encountered the Indians who had gone to look for people. They told us that they had found none and were sorry and asked us again to go through the mountains. We refused to do that and when they saw our determination they sadly took leave of us and returned downriver to their dwellings. We traveled upriver and a little while later we came across two women carrying loads. When they saw us, they stopped and unloaded and brought us some of what they were carrying, which was cornmeal. They told us that further along that river we would find dwellings and many prickly pears and some cornmeal. We said goodbye to them since they were going to the other Indians from whom we had come. We traveled until sunset and reached IIIF Item Metadata UUID cf0a8a96-ec3c-4116-884d-4397f0c4d1fc https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/4b4108df2e0e2f1ed49d1d46a1185a95.tif c7f74c8a4d519ebe51ade1b5e3696dbb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 78 Description An account of the resource a village of some twenty lodges, where they welcomed us weeping very sadly because they knew that wherever we had gone the people with us looted and robbed. When they saw that we were alone they lost their fear and gave us prickly pears and nothing else. We spent the night there and at dawn the Indians we had left the previous day came upon their lodges. Since they caught them off guard, they took everything they had without giving them an opportunity to hide anything, which caused them to weep a great deal. In order to console them, the robbers told them that we were children of the sun, that we had the power to heal the sick or to kill them, and many lies bigger than these, since they know best how to spin lies when they think it would be to their advantage to do so. They told them that they should treat us with much deference and take care not to anger us in any way. They also told them to give us everything they had and to take us to a place where there were many people, and to plunder and rob everything where they took us, for that was the custom. CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE How They Stole from One Another After having informed them and told them clearly what they should do, they returned and left us with those Indians, who, keeping in mind what the others had said, began to treat us with the same fear and reverence as the others. They took us on a three-day journey to a place where there were many people. Before we arrived, they sent word saying that we were coming, repeating everything about us that the other Indians had told them and adding much more, because all these Indians are great storytellers and big liars, especially IIIF Item Metadata UUID c48fc0f9-a713-46ce-99d9-268ee0793e10 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/826d5312c518372ca614af2553984819.tif 8e86f141ba103c5029fb015736af9673 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 79 Description An account of the resource when they think it is to their advantage. When we approached the dwellings, all the people came out to greet us with considerable pleasure and festivity. Two of their medicine men gave us, among other things, two gourds. From here on we began to carry the gourds with us, and added to our authority with this bit of ceremony, which is very important to them. Those who had accompanied us looted their lodges, but since there were many people in that village and there were only a few of them, they could not carry all that they took and had to leave more than half. From here we began penetrating the land for more than fifty leagues along the slope of the mountains. At the end our journey we found forty dwellings. Among the things the people there gave us was a thick rattle, large and made of copper, with a face on it. They let us know that they regarded it highly, and told us that they had gotten it from others who were their neighbors. When we asked them where the neighbors had gotten it, they said that they had brought it from the North, where there was much wealth, and it was greatly valued. We realized that wherever the object had come from there was smelting and metal casting. With this we departed the following day and crossed a mountain range seven leagues in length, where the rocks were iron slags. At nightfall we reached a large number of dwellings on the bank of a beautiful river. The inhabitants came out to welcome us carrying their children. They gave us many small bags of mica and powdered antimony. They rub this on their faces. They also gave us many beads and many buffalo-skin blankets and loaded all of us with everything they had. They eat prickly pears and pine nuts. In that land there are small pine trees, with cones the size of small eggs. Their seeds are better than the pine nuts from Castile because their husks are thinner. They grind them when they are green and make pellets out of them and eat them that way. If they are dry they grind them with husks and eat the powder. All those who greeted us there ran back to their lodges once they had touched us IIIF Item Metadata UUID 9af89bbd-f222-4caf-af2a-c74fc60a989f https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/c748d4c3185296e320faad2845e17404.tif aa957d9bb48fbcf786d531482f1daeb1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 80 Description An account of the resource and then they returned to us, continually running while coming and going. In this manner they brought us many things for our journey. Here they brought a man to me whom they said had been wounded by an arrow a long time before, in the right side of his back. They said that the arrowhead was over his heart. He said that it hurt a great deal and that it caused him to suffer all the time. I touched him and felt the arrowhead and noticed that it had gone through cartilage. With a knife that I had, I opened his chest through to that spot, and saw that the arrowhead had gone through and would be very difficult to remove. I cut further, stuck the point of the knife in, and at last removed it with great difficulty. It was very long. With a deer bone, I practiced my trade as a physician and gave him two stitches. After I had stitched, he was losing a lot of blood. I stopped the bleeding with hair scraped from an animal skin. When I removed the arrowhead they asked me for it and I gave it to them. The entire village came to see it and they sent it further inland so that the people there could see it. Because of this cure, they made many dances and festivities as is their custom. The following day I cut the stitches and the Indian was healed. The incision I had made looked only like one of the lines in the palm of one's hand, and he said that he felt no pain or suffering at all. And this cure gave us such standing throughout the land that they esteemed and valued us to their utmost capacity. We showed them the rattle, which we had brought. They told us that in the place from which it had come there were many sheets of that material buried and that they valued it very much and that there were settlements there. We believed that this was on the South Sea, which we always had been told was richer than the North Sea. We left these people and wandered among so many others and so many diverse languages that it is impossible to remember them all to tell about them. They always looted one another, and that way those who lost and those who gained were equally happy. So many people accompanied us that IIIF Item Metadata UUID df9c9e1a-8254-4212-979a-c0d41b75aa84 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/975f827a62f2d14b5f6bc2dca8e37fb2.tif c37710c0cd0f8b7776235ece77e199e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 81 Description An account of the resource we could not deal with them. As we went through those valleys, they all went in a row, each one of them carrying a club three palms long. Whenever one of the many hares around there leaped up, so many people surrounded it and clubbed it that it was amazing thing to see. This way they made it go from one man to another. This seemed to me to be the best type of hunting imaginable, because sometimes the hares would come up to someone's hands. When we stopped at nightfall, they had given us so many hares that each of us carried eight or ten loads of them. We could not see those who had bows; they went separately through the mountains hunting deer, and at night they came bringing for each one of us five or six deer and birds and quail and other game. Everything those people found and killed they brought before us, not daring to take a bite even if they were starving, until we had blessed it. And the women brought many mats which they used to make lodges for us, each one of us having one for himself and all the people attached to him. When this was done, we would tell them to roast the deer and the hares and all that they had caught, and they did this very quickly in ovens they would make for this. We would take a little of everything and would give the rest to the leader of the people who had come with us, telling him to distribute it among them all. Each person would bring his portion to us so that we could breathe on it and make the sign of the cross on it; otherwise they would not dare eat it. Often three or four thousand people accompanied us, and it was very difficult for us to breathe on and bless each one's food and drink. They would come to ask our permission to do many other things, which indicates how we were inconvenienced by them. The women would bring us prickly pears and spiders and worms and whatever IIIF Item Metadata UUID 138b67bb-efc8-47fc-b0a0-c187eae7aa96 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/4da9027e7003894613c0484a1537bc89.tif 092810c296ff62dfc5216e55ef8f75ae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 82 Description An account of the resource they could get, because even if they were starving they would not eat anything unless we gave it to them. Going with these people we crossed a great river which flowed from the North. After crossing some plains thirty leagues wide, we saw many people in the distance coming to welcome us. And they came out to the path we were going, to take and greeted us in the same way the others had done. CHAPTER THIRTY How the Custom of Welcoming Us Changed From this point on, the custom of receiving changed with regard to looting, and the people who came out to the roads to bring us something were not robbed by those who were with us. After we had entered their homes, they offered us everything they had, including their dwellings. We would give all these things to their leaders for them to distribute. The people who had lost things always followed us, and the number of people wishing to make up their loss was growing larger. Their leaders told them to take care not to hide any of their belongings, saying that if we found out we might cause them all to die because the sun would tell us to do so. Their leaders made them so fearful that for the first few days that these people were with us they did nothing but tremble without daring to speak or to look up towards the sky. These people guided us through more than fifty leagues of uninhabited and rugged mountains. Since it was such dry country, there was no game in it, and for this reason we suffered a great deal of hunger. After this we crossed a very large river, with water up to our chests. From this point on many of the people we had with us began to suffer from the great hunger and hardship they had endured in those mountains, which were extremely barren and harsh. These IIIF Item Metadata UUID ea88cb6f-0d51-48ca-9987-19850deb33f9 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/4a5f64c7ce35fc9d3143c9d0422c261c.tif d9cc558efe78ccfc4c2498150ab62ca8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 83 Description An account of the resource same people took us to some plains near the mountains, where other people were coming from a great distance to receive us. They welcomed us as the others had done, giving so much wealth to those who had come with us that they had to leave half of it because they could not carry It. We told the Indians who had given it to take the remainder back so that it would not remain there and go to waste. They replied that they would in no way do so, because it was not their custom to take back what they had already given away. So they did not value it and left it there, losing it all. We told these people that we wanted to go towards the sunset. They replied that in that direction there were no people for a long distance, but we told them to send messengers to let them know we were coming. As best they could, they declined to do this, because those people were their enemies-and they did not want us to go to them. But they did not dare disobey; so they sent two women, one of their own and another whom they were holding captive, since women can negotiate even if a war is going on. We followed them, and stopped at a place we had agreed upon for meeting them. But they took five days and the Indians said that they must not have found any people. We told them to lead us north, but they answered the same, saying that the only people in that direction were far away and that there was neither food nor water. We nevertheless insisted and told them that we wanted to go in that direction, but they still declined as best they could. We became angry at this and I went out one night to sleep in the wilderness away from them. They soon went to where I was and spent the whole night fearful and without sleeping, talking to me and telling me how afraid they were, begging us not to be angry any more. They said they would take us wherever we wanted to go even if they knew they would die on the way. While we continued to pretend we were angry so that they would remain fearful, IIIF Item Metadata UUID f7f43cc5-8f6b-4b3b-971a-3e16600b16b2 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/d777f9626aea569a7ffacb85353a0a59.tif 84cea5f9305e9b47cbd87dc96c69156f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 84 Description An account of the resource a strange thing happened: that very day many of them became sick and the following day eight men died. Wherever this was known throughout the land, people were so afraid of us that it seemed that they were going to die of fear when they saw us. They begged us not to be angry or to wish any more of them dead, since they were certain that we killed them by willing it. We were truly and completely grieved by this, not only because we were seeing some of them die, but also because we were afraid they would all die or, acting out of fear, would leave us alone and all the peoples ahead would do the same, seeing what had happened to these people. We prayed to God our Lord for his help, and all sick began to get well. We saw a very amazing thing: the parents and siblings and wives of those who later died were very grieved to see them ailing, but after they died the relatives showed no feelings. We did not see them weep or speak to one another nor show any emotion. They did not dare to approach their dead until we told them to carry them away for burial. In the two weeks that we were with them, we did not see people speaking to one another. We did not even see a child laugh or cry; in fact, one who cried was taken far away from there and scratched with sharp mouse teeth from the shoulders to nearly the bottom of the legs. When I saw this cruel treatment I was angered by it, and asked them why they did it. They replied that they did it to punish the child because it had cried in my presence. They instilled these fears in all the others who joined them to see us. They did this so that the new people would give us everything they had, since they knew that we would give it all to them and keep none of it. These were the most obedient people we found in this land, having the best temperament. They generally are very handsome. By the time the sick people felt well, we had been there three days, and the women we had sent returned, IIIF Item Metadata UUID 893fb44a-4478-44ae-b72d-9425ace3fdaf https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/d200f3c37cd890e89248882972622cf4.tif ad483daa858db2a530388a3d85b64498 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 85 Description An account of the resource saying that they had found very few people, since all of them had gone to where the buffalo were, since this was the season for them. We told those who had been sick to remain and those who were well to go with us. Two days' journey from there, those same two women would go with two of us to bring out people to the trail to receive us. So the next morning all the fittest departed with us. We stopped after journeying for three days. The following day Alonso del Castillo set out with Estebanico the black man, taking the two women as guides. The one who was a captive took them to a river that ran through some mountains, to a village where her father lived. Here we saw the first houses that really looked like houses. Castillo and Estebanico went there. Having spoken to the Indians, Castillo returned after three days to where he had left us, bringing five or six of those Indians. He said that he saw people's dwellings and permanent settlements, and that those people ate beans and squash, and that he had seen corn. This made us the happiest people in the world, and we thanked our Lord heartily for it. He said that the black man would return with all the people from the houses to wait near there along the way. For this reason we departed. A league and a half away, we came upon the black man and the people who were coming to receive us. They gave us beans and many squashes to eat and gourds for carrying water, and buffalo skin blankets and other things. Since these people and the ones who had come with us were enemies and did not get along, we left the latter, giving them what we had been given, and went with these new people. Six leagues from there, as night was falling, we reached their houses, where they had a great celebration with us. We stayed there for a day, and the following day took them with us to another permanent settlement where they ate the same things as these people. From that point on there was a new custom. Those who knew we were coming would not come out to the trails to welcome us as the others IIIF Item Metadata UUID 6e3d3469-cb0e-4283-8671-f472120234cd https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/87216d6b3a11c98016614f581741bee8.tif 4e186b8d1bbc1dbbf153c08dd7c0af20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 86 Description An account of the resource had done. Instead they remained in their houses and had others ready for us. They were all seated and had their faces turned toward the wall, their heads lowered and their hair in front of their eyes, with all their possessions piled in the middle of the room. From here on, they began to give us many animal skin blankets, and gave us everything they had. These people had the best physiques of any we saw. They were the liveliest and most skillful, and the ones who understood and answered our questions best. We called them the Cow People, because the greatest number of buffalo die near there, and for fifty leagues up the river they kill many buffalo. These people walk around totally nude, like the first ones we encountered. The women cover themselves with deerskins, as do a few men, especially those who are too old for battle. The country is fairly well populated. We asked them why they did not plant corn. They told us it was because they did not want to lose what they planted, since the rains had not come for two years in a row. The weather was so dry that they had lost their corn to moles. They said they would not try planting again until after a lot of rain. The asked us to tell the sky to give rain and beg it to do so, and we promised them we would do that. We wanted to know where their com had come from. They told us that it had come from the direction of the setting sun and that there was corn throughout that land, but that the nearest was in that direction. We asked them to tell us how to go there, since they did not want to go themselves. They told us to go up along that river towards the North, saying that for seventeen days the only food we would find is a fruit called chacan, which they crush between stones, and even then it is too bitter and dry to eat. They proved this by showing us some, which we could not eat. IIIF Item Metadata UUID 65e08535-56fd-4cf4-8dc0-7ef5723598da