10 10 135 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/d2091702ae094e03af68a192f6235487.tif 8547890be7b6d87837476efc924f8a32 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 67 Description An account of the resource hungry, but that they would take us to some dwellings of theirs near by. That night we reached a place with fifty lodges, where the people were astonished to see us and were very afraid. After their fear of us subsided, they touched our faces and bodies and then ran their hands along their own faces and bodies. That is how we spent the night. In the morning they brought their sick people to us, asking us to bless them. They gave us what they had to eat, which was prickly pear leaves and roasted green prickly pears. Since they treated us very well and gladly and willingly shared with us what they had, they themselves doing without so that they could give to us, we stayed with them several days. While we were there, others arrived from further away. When these were leaving, we told the first ones that we wanted to leave with them. They were very sad about this and insistently begged us to stay. Finally we said good-bye to them and left them weeping over our departure, because it caused them great sorrow. CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR About the Customs of the Indians of That Land From the Isle of Misfortune to this land, all the Indians we encountered have the custom of not sleeping with their wives from the time they first notice they are pregnant until the child is two-years old. The children nurse at the breast until they are twelve years old, when they can look for food for themselves. When we asked them why they brought them up this way, they replied it was because of the great hunger in that land. When we were there, we saw them go two or three, sometimes even four days without food. For this reason IIIF Item Metadata UUID d4cf9644-eaaa-45ff-bc8f-255bc7956eb5 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/1702c91c7a78f641699e75e685a84fbb.tif 1eef4891c8b131bfb399ca45115383f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 68 Description An account of the resource they let them nurse, so that they won't die in times of hunger. Even if some should survive those times, they would end up sickly and very weak. If any fall sick, they leave him to die in the wilderness, if he is not their child. If any cannot keep up with them, they are left behind. But they will carry a son or a brother on their backs. All these people have the custom of leaving their wives when there is a disagreement between husband and wife, and then they marry whomever they please. This is among childless men, because those who have children remain with their wives and do not leave them. In some villages when they quarrel and have disputes among themselves, they punch and hit one another until they are tired and then they separate. Sometimes women separate them by coming between them; the men will not do this. No matter how heated the fight, they never resort to the bow and arrow. After they have finished punching each other, they take their lodges and their wives and go to live in the wilderness, away from the others until their anger has subsided. When their anger and wrath have gone, they return to their village and thereafter the two parties are friends and behave as if nothing had happened. It is not necessary for anyone to help them reconcile, because they do it themselves. If the men who quarrel are not married, they go away to other neighboring groups, who, even if they are their enemies, receive them well and are pleased to see them. They give them part of what they have; and so when their anger has subsided, they return to their village as rich men. All these people wage war. They are as astute in guarding themselves from their enemies as if they had been reared in Italy in a time of continuous war. When they are in a place where they can be attacked by their enemies, they set up their dwellings at the edge of the harshest and thickest woods they can find. Next to their camp they make a ditch and sleep in it. All the warriors are covered with brushwood, in which they make loopholes. They are so camouflaged and concealed that their enemies do not see them even if they are near them. They make a very narrow path into the center of the woods, so that IIIF Item Metadata UUID 500cb2f1-85f6-484c-92dc-8d3c0c77d86d https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/a7b05e235cf9ac29bffba174c8473e90.tif 2b2911860be6b21c219e40385ad9ae6a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 69 Description An account of the resource their women and children can sleep there. When night falls, they light fires in their lodges to mislead any spies into thinking that they are in them. Before dawn they rekindle the same fires. If their enemies come to attack their dwellings, the men in the ditch attack them and inflict much damage from the trenches, without being seen or found by the intruders. When there are no forests that would allow them to conceal themselves in this fashion and carry out ambushes, they set up in an open area as best they can and surround the camp with trenches covered with brushwood and they make their loopholes to shoot at their enemies, preparing these things for the night. While I was with the Doguenes, their enemies surprised them at midnight, attacking them and killing three and wounding many others, causing them to flee from their dwellings into the woods. Once they knew that the others had gone, they returned to the place of the attack and gathered all the arrows that the others had shot. As stealthily as they could, they followed the attackers and spent the night near the others' lodges without being noticed. Shortly before dawn, they attacked them, killing five and wounding many others. They made them flee, leaving their dwellings and bows as well as all their belongings. Shortly thereafter the women of the Quevenes came and mediated between them and caused them to be friends, although the women sometimes are the reason battles begin. Whenever any of these people have particular enmity, they snare and kill each other at night, unless they are members of the same family, and inflict great cruelties on one another. CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE How the Indians Are Skilled with a Weapon These people are the readiest with weapons that I have ever seen. If they fear an attack by their enemies, they lie awake all night with their bows and a dozen arrows next to them. IIIF Item Metadata UUID 2b31974c-12a4-49f7-9cf3-e1b9fad6d9c2 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/599550800b973e9bf712e91919153c37.tif 54f020154ff19b384b32b587a9b741cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 70 Description An account of the resource Before one goes to sleep he tries his bow, and should the string not be taut, he tightens it. They often leave their lodges crawling on the ground so that they cannot be seen and they look and keep watch everywhere to notice everything. If they sense anything, they all are up at once in the field with their bows and arrows, spending the night that way, running to different places as they think necessary or where their enemies may be. After dawn, they loosen their bows again until they go hunting. The bowstrings are deer sinews. Their way of doing battle involves crouching on the ground. While they are shooting at each other, they are constantly talking and iumping from one place to another to protect themselves from the arrows of their enemies. They do the same in similar battles when they are being attacked by crossbows and harquebuses and suffer few injuries from them. In truth, the Indians make a mockery of these arms, because they are useless against them in open country where the Indians are scattered around. Those arms are good for narrow and swampy places. In all other places, horses, which all Indians fear, are needed to subjugate them. Anyone who may have to do battle with Indians needs to be very aware that they must not sense in him any weakness or greed for what they have. While at war with them, they should be treated harshly, because if they sense fear or greed, they know how to find the right time for revenge, and they draw strength from their adversaries fear. After they have shot at one another and used up their arrows, each side turns back and goes on their way without being pursued by the others, even if they are outnumbered. This is their custom. Many times arrows go right through them but the wounds are not fatal unless the entrails or heart are wounded; instead they heal quickly. They see and hear better and have sharper senses than any other people in the world. They endure hunger, thirst and cold very well, since they are more accustomed and used to them than other people are. I wanted to relate this, not only because all men wish to know the IIIF Item Metadata UUID e71ce1b2-ac09-4598-88f0-453dc10ecd20 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/12cb13b4471b055779c2be2f8221e48b.tif 7f09f41e8356015993179131ea2be675 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 71 Description An account of the resource customs and habits of other people, but also to warn anyone who may encounter these people about their customs and cunning-very useful information in such cases. CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX About the Peoples and Languages I also wish to give an account of the peoples and languages from the Isle of Misfortune to this point. On the Isle of Misfortune there are two languages: one group speaks Capoque and the other speaks Han. On the mainland across from the island there is another group called the Charruco, who take their name from the woods in which they live. Further along the seacoast live others called the Doguenes and across from them others whose name is the Mendica. Still further along the coast are the Quevenes and across from them on the mainland and well inland are the Mariames. Going along the coast there are others called the Guaycones; on the mainland across from them and inland are the Yguazes. By these are others named the Atayos and beyond them the Acubadaos. There are many Acubadaos further on in that direction. On the coast live others called the Quitoles; on the mainland across from them and inland are the Avavares. To these should be added the Maliacones, Cutalchiches, Susolas and Comos. Further along the coast are the Camoles, and further on the same coast are the ones we call Indians of the Figs. All these people have different dwellings, villages and languages. Among these there is a language in which men are called by saying arre aca, meaning "'look here," and dogs by saying xo. Throughout this land they get drunk on a certain smoke and give all they have to obtain it. They also drink a tea made from the leaves of a tree that resembles the live oak, which they toast in vessels on a fire. After the leaves are toasted, they fill the vessel with water and keep it on the fire. When it has twice come to a boil, they pour it into another vessel IIIF Item Metadata UUID 58b702cc-c0ba-4f81-841c-4db958ad65aa https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/62fb0d56d90c5d4ec677ff72520c53b0.tif e2faf6f51cfd7fda3c094132fcae8f25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 72 Description An account of the resource and cool It with half a gourd. When it is very foamy, they drink it as hot as they can stand it. From the time they take this tea out of the vessel until they drink it, they shout, asking who wants to drink. When the women hear these shouts they stand still without daring to move. Even if they are carrying a heavy load they do not dare move. If by chance a woman moves during this time, they shame her and beat her and very angrily pour out the brew they were about to drink. They vomit the beverage that they have drunk, quite easily and without embarrassment. They give the following reason for their custom, saying that if a woman within earshot moves when they want to drink, something terrible enters their body through the tea and soon thereafter causes them to die. The whole time that the water is boiling, the vessel is supposed to be covered. If by chance it is uncovered and a woman passes by, they throw it out and do not drink any of it. The tea is yellow and they drink it for three days without eating. Each day each person drinks one arroba and a half of it. When the women are menstruating they gather only their own food, because no one else would eat what they brought. During the time I spent with these people I saw one wicked thing, and that was a man married to another man. These are womanish, impotent men who cover their bodies like women and do women's tasks. They shoot bows and carry heavy loads. Among these people we saw many of these womanish men, who are more robust and taller than other men and who carry heavy loads. CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN How We Moved On and Were Welcomed IIIF Item Metadata UUID 166eea3e-49cb-4d33-8a78-4c4cec2b824e https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/63b782b443070cdf0ac3ea0e498c850c.tif 95cd62905b4aef7c9fdc21641dedd514 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 73 Description An account of the resource After departing from the Indians whom we left weeping, we went with others to their dwellings and were well received. They brought their children for us to touch their hands and gave us much mesquite flour. The mesquite is a fruit like the carob. It is very bitter while on the tree, but when eaten with dirt, it is sweet and good to eat. This is how they prepare it: they dig a hole in the ground as deep as they wish. They put the fruit into this hole and grind it fine with a pole as thick as a leg and one and a half fathoms long. Besides the dirt, which sticks to the fruit, they add other handfuls of dirt to the hole and grind a while longer. Then they put this into a basket-like vessel and cover the mixture with water. The one who has ground it tastes it and if he does not find it sweet enough he asks for more dirt which he stirs into it. He does this until he considers it sweet enough. All the people sit around and each one takes what he can with his hand. They toss the seeds and the hulls on a piece of hide. The person who did the grinding takes them and puts them into the basket, adding water as before and squeezing the juice and water from them. Then they toss the seeds and hulls onto the piece of hide once again. That way they grind and regrind each batch three or four times. The people who are present at this banquet, which is a great one for them, find that their bellies are swollen by the water and the dirt that they have consumed. With this the Indians had a great celebration for us and they held many dances and areítos while we were with them. While we slept during the nights, six men guarded each one of us, keeping a careful watch at the entrance to our shelters and not allowing anyone to enter until after sunrise. When we were ready to leave them, IIIF Item Metadata UUID fd6e8011-b75e-4a98-91f5-df547d78cf15 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/a230b66ca21ddda904359e46c9170499.tif a879bafdc81057ac039ba0c9114064d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 74 Description An account of the resource some women belonging to a group that lived further away arrived. Finding out where their lodges were, we set out for them, although the Indians pleaded with us to wait until the next day because these lodges were far away and there was no trail to them. They said that the women had arrived tired, but that after they had rested, they would leave with us the following day and be our guides. Nonetheless, we took leave of them. A short while later the women, who had come with some others from the same village, followed us. Since there were no trails in that country, we lost our way and wandered around for four leagues. Then we reached a watering place where we found the women who had set out after us. They told us how difficult it had been for them to reach us. We left the place with the women as guides, crossing a chest-deep river in the afternoon. It was probably as wide as the river in Seville, with a swift current. At sunset we reached a place with a hundred Indian lodges. Before we reached them, all the people in them came out to greet us with a frightful shouting and a slapping of their thighs. They had hollow gourds with pebbles in them, which is a sign of great solemnity, since they bring them out only for dances and for healing ceremonies, and no one else dares touch them. They say that those gourds have powers and that they came from heaven, because there are none in that land. They do not know where the gourds come from, except that they are washed down by the rivers during floods. These people were so awed and excited that they rushed to reach us and touch us. The press of the crowd was so great that they nearly squeezed us to death. They lifted us and carried us to their lodges without letting our feet touch the ground. They were pressing us so hard that we rushed into the lodges they had prepared for us, where we refused to consent to any more festivities for us that night. They spent the entire night dancing and in arevtos among themselves. The following morning they brought everyone from that village so that we could touch them and bless them as we had done IIIF Item Metadata UUID 26a2d6ae-b069-4426-a0d7-a87b1f579db7 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/c1d48ae268b4b45d62a213e7fb812781.tif fee92e29465db3641742cb4ff8c5ec2a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 75 Description An account of the resource with the others with whom we had stayed. After this, they gave many arrows to the women from the other village who had accompanied their own women. We departed the following day, and all the people of the village went with us. When we reached other Indians, we were welcomed as we had been before. They gave us part of what they had and gave us the deer they had killed that day. Among these we noticed a new custom. They took the bow and arrows and shoes and beads-if they had any-of those who came for healing. After taking the items, they brought the people to us for healing. Once we had performed the healing, they went away very happy, saying they were well. So we left those Indians and went to others who received us very well. They brought their sick people to us, who said they were well after we made the sign of the cross on them. Even those who did not get well thought we could heal them, and when they heard what the others we healed were saying, they danced and rejoiced such that we could not sleep. CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT About Another New Custom Having left these people, we went to another large group of lodges. Here another new custom began. After they received us well, the people who had gone with us began to do wrong to them, taking their possessions and looting their homes without leaving them anything. We were very sorry to see this ill treatment of those who had welcomed us and we also feared that this might cause some altercation or uproar among them. But since we had no way to prevent it nor to punish those who were doing it, we had to suffer it until we had greater authority among them. Even the Indians who had lost their belongings noticed our sorrow and tried to console us, saying that IIIF Item Metadata UUID a2a2a79b-05a8-4e35-b395-7656d9b511d2 https://ulomeka2.ul.txstate.edu/cabeza/files/original/2d1bbc36e784e21beb9d775eb4b0b8cb.tif a678cd530d3ede6813f1e1aa99b0e248 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Relación - page 76 Description An account of the resource we should not be saddened by it, because they were so glad to see us that they considered their belongings well spent. They said they would be repaid later on by others who were very rich. We had a great deal of difficulty all along the way because so many people were following us. We couldn't escape them even if we tried, because they were in a great hurry to reach us and touch us. They were so insistent about this that sometimes three hours would go by and still we could not make them leave us alone. The following day they brought us all the people of the village. Most of them were clouded in one eye and others totally blind because of the same cause, which astonished us. They are very well built people with fine features, whiter than any others we had seen. Here we began to see mountains, which seemed to come all the way from the North Sea. From the information the Indians gave us about this, we believe that they are fifteen leagues from the sea. We left with these Indians towards this mountain range. They led us through a place where their kinsmen lived, since they wanted to take us only to places where their kinfolks lived. They did not want their enemies to profit even from seeing us. When we arrived, the people who led us there looted the others. Since they were familiar with the custom, they had hidden some things before we arrived. After they had welcomed us with much festivity and rejoicing, they retrieved what they had hidden and came to present it to us. The items were beads, red ochre and some small bags of silver. Following the custom, we gave it to the Indians who had come with us. Once they had given it to us, they began their dances and festivities and sent for others from a neighboring village to come see us. That afternoon they all came, bringing us beads and bows and other things that we distributed. The following day when we wanted to leave, everybody wanted to take us to where some friends of theirs IIIF Item Metadata UUID 498af5e8-b071-4665-8515-0da62978da71